研究对治疗的启示:Ghb最新研究成果

Jane C Maxwell
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引用次数: 349

摘要

γ -羟基丁酸(羟丁酸钠,氧化丁酸钠,GHB)是一种天然存在于哺乳动物体内的脂肪酸,是一种中枢神经系统抑制剂,具有麻醉作用,在足够大的剂量下,具有麻醉特性。它的前体之一,伽马丁内酯(GBL),在吞咽时转化为GHB。另一种前体是1,4-丁二醇(1,4- bd),这是一类健康危害,是一种工业溶剂,以吞咽等名义出售给滥用者,它在体内代谢为GBL,然后代谢为GHB[2]。它具有比GHB[3]更高的效力。非法使用GHB的特点是所消耗的剂量缺乏一致性和准确性。据报道,口服剂量为10mg /kg可引起欣快感、健忘症和张力低下;20- 30mg /kg的剂量可在15分钟内导致嗜睡。剂量大于50mg /kg会导致失去意识和昏迷[4,5]。据报道,GHB和酒精一起具有协同效应或加性效应。乙醇和GHB在许多行为效应上的陡峭的剂量反应曲线可能解释了临床上两种药物联合使用时看似“中等”剂量的严重效应,而不是药物联合的任何协同作用。在澳大利亚,一项对76名GHB使用者的研究发现,他们都很稳定,功能良好,受过高等教育。约29%的人在使用GHB时通常会喝5杯以上的酒精饮料,并且他们对与GHB一起使用的一系列其他药物有丰富的经验。但是,即使这些使用者没有长期或广泛的GHB经验,99%的人报告至少有一个负面副作用。在那些使用GHB超过15次的人中,75%的人至少过量一次,三分之一的人过量三次以上;52%的人报告说自己失去了知觉。有限使用这种药物的群体报告的高问题率表明,在多种药物使用的背景下,GHB与使用者的重大风险相关[8,9]。同样,使用GHB和一种抑制剂药物比单独使用任何一种药物都能产生更大的中枢神经系统抑制剂作用。GHB过量最严重的影响是突然昏迷和呼吸抑制。GHB的戒断可能会很复杂,特别是如果涉及到其他药物或酒精。GHB中毒的一个显著特征是病人突然苏醒。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Implications of Research for Treatment: Ghb Latest Research Findings Adverse Effects
Adverse Effects From Counterfeit Alprazolam Tablets From October 15 to December 31, 2015, the California Poison Control System–San Francisco division identified 8 patients who experienced adverse effects associated with the ingestion of counterfeit alprazolam tablets found to contain fentanyl and, in some cases, etizolam. The identification of these patients resulted in a coordinated response that included state and local public health departments, a toxicology laboratory, and media outlets, and resulted in an investigation by local law enforcement agencies.
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来源期刊
Tijdschrift Voor Diergeneeskunde
Tijdschrift Voor Diergeneeskunde 农林科学-兽医学
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