{"title":"遥远活动星系的宇宙x射线巡天","authors":"W. N. Brandt, D. M. Alexander","doi":"10.1007/s00159-014-0081-z","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>We review results from cosmic X-ray surveys of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) over the past <span>\\(\\approx 15\\)</span>?years that have dramatically improved our understanding of growing supermassive black holes in the distant universe. First, we discuss the utility of such surveys for AGN investigations and the capabilities of the missions making these surveys, emphasizing <i>Chandra</i>, <i>XMM-Newton</i>, and <i>NuSTAR</i>. Second, we briefly describe the main cosmic X-ray surveys, the essential roles of complementary multiwavelength data, and how AGNs are selected from these surveys. We then review key results from these surveys on the AGN population and its evolution (“demographics”), the physical processes operating in AGNs (“physics”), and the interactions between AGNs and their environments (“ecology”). We conclude by describing some significant unresolved questions and prospects for advancing the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":785,"journal":{"name":"The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.8000,"publicationDate":"2015-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00159-014-0081-z","citationCount":"206","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Cosmic X-ray surveys of distant active galaxies\",\"authors\":\"W. N. Brandt, D. M. Alexander\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s00159-014-0081-z\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>We review results from cosmic X-ray surveys of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) over the past <span>\\\\(\\\\approx 15\\\\)</span>?years that have dramatically improved our understanding of growing supermassive black holes in the distant universe. First, we discuss the utility of such surveys for AGN investigations and the capabilities of the missions making these surveys, emphasizing <i>Chandra</i>, <i>XMM-Newton</i>, and <i>NuSTAR</i>. Second, we briefly describe the main cosmic X-ray surveys, the essential roles of complementary multiwavelength data, and how AGNs are selected from these surveys. We then review key results from these surveys on the AGN population and its evolution (“demographics”), the physical processes operating in AGNs (“physics”), and the interactions between AGNs and their environments (“ecology”). We conclude by describing some significant unresolved questions and prospects for advancing the field.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":785,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review\",\"volume\":\"23 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":27.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2015-01-30\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00159-014-0081-z\",\"citationCount\":\"206\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"4\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00159-014-0081-z\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"物理与天体物理\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review","FirstCategoryId":"4","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00159-014-0081-z","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
We review results from cosmic X-ray surveys of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) over the past \(\approx 15\)?years that have dramatically improved our understanding of growing supermassive black holes in the distant universe. First, we discuss the utility of such surveys for AGN investigations and the capabilities of the missions making these surveys, emphasizing Chandra, XMM-Newton, and NuSTAR. Second, we briefly describe the main cosmic X-ray surveys, the essential roles of complementary multiwavelength data, and how AGNs are selected from these surveys. We then review key results from these surveys on the AGN population and its evolution (“demographics”), the physical processes operating in AGNs (“physics”), and the interactions between AGNs and their environments (“ecology”). We conclude by describing some significant unresolved questions and prospects for advancing the field.
期刊介绍：
The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review is a journal that covers all areas of astronomy and astrophysics. It includes subjects related to other fields such as laboratory or particle physics, cosmic ray physics, studies in the solar system, astrobiology, instrumentation, and computational and statistical methods with specific astronomical applications. The frequency of review articles depends on the level of activity in different areas. The journal focuses on publishing review articles that are scientifically rigorous and easily comprehensible. These articles serve as a valuable resource for scientists, students, researchers, and lecturers who want to explore new or unfamiliar fields. The journal is abstracted and indexed in various databases including the Astrophysics Data System (ADS), BFI List, CNKI, CNPIEC, Current Contents/Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences, Dimensions, EBSCO Academic Search, EI Compendex, Japanese Science and Technology, and more.
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