Analyzing intangible assets' impact on electricity sector companies through balanced scorecard and life cycle stages

Companies that develop and provide electricity services play a crucial role in society's economic growth and quality of life. As such, value creation has shifted from tangible to intangible resources, which serve as a source of competitive advantage and value for organizations. However, energy companies typically focus more on their physical and technological products than on the intangible aspects that can ensure their longevity in the market. This article aims to identify the intangible aspects that impact companies operating in the electricity sector. The study was conducted through a literature review of intangible aspects and companies in the electricity sector. The main findings of the research are the identification of 20 intangible aspects within the electricity companies, the categorization and discussion of each intangible aspect based on the four perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC), and the analysis of the relationship between the intangibles, BSC perspectives, and life cycle stages of energy companies. The findings provide valuable insights for energy company managers to incorporate intangible asset management into their day-to-day activities and to focus on the most crucial intangible aspects depending on their business's current stage in the life cycle.