Intravenous leiomyomatosis: Case report and review of the literature

Introduction

We retrospectively reviewed a case of a 42-year-old woman with intravenous leiomyomatosis.

Clinical findings

The present study describes a case of IVL extending into the right internal and common iliac veins.

Diagnosis

The patient was diagnosed by definitive pathological examination after a hysterectomy and double salpingectomy. Hypovolaemic shock due to delayed intraperitoneal bleeding from the ovarian vessels pedicle was observed. An emergent laparotomy for haemostasis was performed. A follow-up MRI, 2 months later, showed a polylobulated mass extending inside the right internal and common iliac veins.

Intervention and result

The patient underwent a third laparotomic procedure with the removal of the right pelvic mass together with the involved veins. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient remains well at 3-month follow-up, with no signs of lower limb edema or venous disorders.

Conclusion

Intracardiac leiomyomatosis is mostly diagnosed in premenopausal women. The most severe manifestation could be a vascular thrombosis or a right atrial tumor in the case of intracardiac involvement. Early and appropriate diagnosis is essential for optimal treatment. Surgery is the best treatment.