室外放牧区大小和基因型对断奶兔空间和牧场利用、行为、健康和生长性状的影响

M. Fetiveau, D. Savietto, C. Bannelier, V. Fillon, M. Despeyroux, S. Pujol, L. Fortun-Lamothe
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引用次数: 1

摘要

为兔子提供户外通道使它们能够表达大量的行为,并满足社会对畜牧系统动物福利的期望。这项工作的目的是根据遗传类型和牧场面积大小研究兔子的生长、健康和行为。我们将192只断奶兔分为两组,每组牧场大小不同,即大牧场(LP):60 m2(n=4×24)和小牧场(SP):30 m2(n=3×24)。每组包括一半加州1001×新西兰1777只兔子(1001只)和一半PS119×新西兰177七只兔子(PS119)。饲养31至73天大的兔子。在36天(年龄从31天至67天)内,每周单独测量兔子的生长和发病率。在第44、58和70天,每天通过直接视觉扫描对兔子的行为进行三次评估,并根据兔子的空间分布每周评估六次空间使用情况。在第35、50和73天评估可用生物量。最后,在第72天测量LP和SP中每种基因型的18只兔子的毛发样本中皮质酮的量。在第67天,PS119兔子比1001只兔子重(分别为2444只和2113克;P<0.05),但我们没有观察到基因型对死亡率或发病率的影响。这些动物在牧场上表现出各种各样的特定行为,其中以放牧和休息为主。我们发现PS119兔子的皮质酮水平低于1001只兔子(分别为2.19和6.34 pg/mg毛发;P<;0.05)。LP牧场在育肥期结束前提供牧草,使兔子能够在实验结束前表现出放牧行为,LP组兔子的放牧行为更为频繁(LP组的发生率为25.4%,SP组为21.5%;P<;0.05)。本研究发现,24只兔子60平方米的牧场使动物能够在整个育肥期内进行放牧。兔子的基因型被发现会影响它们的一些行为。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Effect of outdoor grazing area size and genotype on space and pasture use, behaviour, health, and growth traits of weaned rabbits

Providing rabbits with outdoor access allows them to express a large repertoire of behaviours and addresses societal expectations surrounding animal welfare in livestock systems. The aim of this work was to study rabbit growth, health, and behaviour according to genetic type and pasture area size. We distributed 192 weaned rabbits into two groups with different pasture sizes, i.e., a large pasture (LP): 60 m2 (n = 4 × 24) and a small pasture (SP): 30 m2 (n = 4 × 24). Each group contained half Californian 1001 × New Zealand 1777 rabbits (1001) and half PS119 × New Zealand 1777 rabbits (PS119). Rabbits were reared from 31 to 73 days of age. Rabbit growth and morbidity were measured individually weekly for 36 days (from 31 to 67 days of age). The rabbits’ behaviours were assessed three times a day on days 44, 58, and 70 by a direct visual scan, and the use of space was evaluated six times a week based on the rabbits’ spatial distributions. The available biomass was evaluated on days 35, 50, and 73. Finally, the amount of corticosterone was measured in hair samples from 18 rabbits of each genotype in LP and SP on day 72. PS119 rabbits were heavier than 1001 rabbits on day 67 (2 444 vs 2 113 g, respectively; P < 0.05) but we observed no effect of genotype on mortality or morbidity. The animals expressed a large variety of specific behaviours on pastures, with grazing and resting being predominant. We found a lower level of corticosterone in PS119 rabbits than in 1001 rabbits (2.19 vs 6.34 pg per mg of hair, respectively; P < 0.05). LP pastures offered herbage until the end of the fattening period, enabling the rabbits to express grazing behaviour until the end of the experiment, and grazing behaviour was more frequent in LP-group rabbits (25.4 vs 21.5% of occurrences in LP vs SP; P < 0.05). This study found that a pasture of 60 m2 for 24 rabbits enables the animals to express grazing for the entire fattening period. The rabbit genotype was found to influence some of their behaviour.

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