The Influence of Soil-Climate Factors on the Groundwater Parameters of the Slope Agrolandscape

The purpose of this research was to establish the influence of soil and climatic factors on the depth of occurrence and the degree of salinization of groundwater in a slope–hollow landscape. The observational data for 1990–2021 served as the material for the research. Hydrogeological monitoring of six wells occurred at the research stations of the Federal Center of Agriculture Research of the South-East Region. An analysis was made of the dynamic changes in the level of groundwater on various relief elements in wells located on the Volga Upland in the city of Saratov on the Elshano-Guselskaya plain. As a result of the analysis, a general trend towards an increase in the level of groundwater was established, both in the conditions of the upland and in the conditions of the slope–hollow relief. The chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation as the main source of groundwater nutrition has been established. The largest percentage of the total chemical composition of sediments belongs to sulfates, 35% and hydrocarbonates, 22%. The main ions that determine the chemical type and degree of mineralization of the studied waters have been identified. An excess of the MPC by average values was established for sulfates, calcium, magnesium, and sodium. The level of water mineralization on the flats is 27% higher than in the wells in the hollows. According to long-term average data, the groundwater, as selected according to relief elements, is characterized as saline.