Effects of climate change on river-ice processes and ice jams

ABSTRACT As the climate changes, ice characteristics and river-ice processes are altered, sometimes in unexpected ways. A warmer climate will obviously result in less ice globally, and in a general northward shift in the limits of seasonal river-ice occurrence. However, in several watersheds, the frequency of midwinter breakup events and the intensity of breakup ice jams may also change. In addition, climate change will alter other river-ice processes such as ice formation, freeze-up jams, and hanging dams. This is of concern during the design and construction of infrastructure as well as during the planning and implementation of flood-damage-reduction measures in and along rivers with seasonal ice covers. Changes in river-ice regimes will also alter the ecology of many lotic systems. The paper reviews the potential effects of a changing climate on river-ice properties and processes, and provides a discussion of future outcomes and their significance, as well as a suggested direction for future cold-regions river research.