Eco-friendly Synthesis of Quinoxaline Derivatives Using Mineral Fertilizers as Heterogeneous Catalysts

The synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives were heterogeneously catalyzed by phosphate-based catalyst fertilizers, MAP, DAP, or TSP. The reaction affords the desired products in excellent yields at ambient temperature. A series of studies were conducted to investigate the effect of solvent reaction, its volume, and catalyst amount. A study of the recyclability of catalysts removed from the reaction mixture by simple filtration was also carried out to find that the three phosphate-based catalysts retain their catalytic activities up to six cycles.