Pakistani Semi-tribal/Tribal Women in War Zones : Displacement and Rehabilitation

Since 2002, Pakistan witnessed a prolonged insurgency in its tribal areas bordering Afghanistan. Since then, Pakistani armed forces are engaged in military operations against the militants. This conflict has a strong bearing on the inhabitants, especially women and children due to their vulnerable and marginalized placement in economically and structurally deprived tribal society. This research will be carried out from three angles. First, it will attempt to understand the centuries-old tribal customs and traditions, which confine women in an isolated and non-participatory role as compared to the mainstream of Pakistani women. The second dimension of this research is to compare and contrast the level of tribal woman’s displacement in a conflict scenario. The third dimension of this research is to investigate the accumulated challenges of the tribal women in the displacement and rehabilitation process. It has been * Dr Farooq Hasnat is Professor Political Science and International Relations. Former Chairman, Department of Political Science, University of Punjab, Lahore. Adjunct Scholar, Middle East Institute, Washington, D.C.; and also served as Chair at the Institute of Strategic Studies, Jordan University, Amman. He can be contacted at hasnatf@gmail.com ** Dr Shehzadi Zamurrad Awan is Associate Professor, Political Science Department, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore. ___________________ @2021 by the Islamabad Policy Research Institute. IPRI Journal XXI (2): 1-27 https://doi.org/10.31945/iprij.210206 Dr Farooq Hasnat & Dr Shehzadi Zamurrad Awan 2 IPRI JOURNAL  2021 observed that after the military operation when the displaced women returned to their homes, they felt aliens in their ancestral houses. This Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) was a serious challenge for women and children as the socio-cultural dynamics of the tribal society hardly allow them to engage in various outdoor activities, including treatment through counselling from psychiatrists. To understand various socio-cultural problems of women, during and after the conflict, apart from secondary resources, a focused-group discussion with male respondents from Swat and Waziristan was conducted. In this study, as a primary source, their responses have helped in confirming and reinforcing the arguments. To conclude one may say that although women and children are most affected in conflict situations, however, the gravity of their miseries could be diluted by proper planning and timely decisions by the relevant authorities.