{"title":"在mÄdchen穿制服的酷儿青春期","authors":"Javier Samper Vendrell","doi":"10.1111/glal.12328","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n <p>Most critics have examined Leontine Sagan's <i>Mädchen in Uniform</i> (1931) within one of two frameworks: either the film depicts Germany's authoritarian nature or it is a ground-breaking work of lesbian filmmaking. This article considers an alternative possibility, namely, that the film illustrates the queerness of adolescence and society's efforts to repress it. To support this claim, it engages with the developmental theories of Charlotte Bühler (1893–1974) that circulated in the period when this film was produced. The psychologist argued that adolescent girls experience a phase of ‘Schwärmerei’, a word that evoked irrationality, an excess of emotion, and fleeting same-sex desire. Bühler's theories naturalised heterosexuality and played down the queerness of adolescence. Accordingly, Manuela's infatuation with the teacher could be considered a phase on her path towards marriage and motherhood. This analysis of the film, however, allows us to imagine a possibility in which Manuela resists the heterosexist norms enforced by the school and follows a queer path.</p>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":54012,"journal":{"name":"GERMAN LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":"75 1","pages":"22-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2000,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/glal.12328","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"QUEER ADOLESCENCE IN MÄDCHEN IN UNIFORM\",\"authors\":\"Javier Samper Vendrell\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/glal.12328\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n <p>Most critics have examined Leontine Sagan's <i>Mädchen in Uniform</i> (1931) within one of two frameworks: either the film depicts Germany's authoritarian nature or it is a ground-breaking work of lesbian filmmaking. This article considers an alternative possibility, namely, that the film illustrates the queerness of adolescence and society's efforts to repress it. To support this claim, it engages with the developmental theories of Charlotte Bühler (1893–1974) that circulated in the period when this film was produced. The psychologist argued that adolescent girls experience a phase of ‘Schwärmerei’, a word that evoked irrationality, an excess of emotion, and fleeting same-sex desire. Bühler's theories naturalised heterosexuality and played down the queerness of adolescence. Accordingly, Manuela's infatuation with the teacher could be considered a phase on her path towards marriage and motherhood. This analysis of the film, however, allows us to imagine a possibility in which Manuela resists the heterosexist norms enforced by the school and follows a queer path.</p>\\n </div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":54012,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"GERMAN LIFE AND LETTERS\",\"volume\":\"75 1\",\"pages\":\"22-39\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2021-12-29\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/glal.12328\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"GERMAN LIFE AND LETTERS\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/glal.12328\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"文学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"0\",\"JCRName\":\"LITERATURE, GERMAN, DUTCH, SCANDINAVIAN\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"GERMAN LIFE AND LETTERS","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/glal.12328","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"0","JCRName":"LITERATURE, GERMAN, DUTCH, SCANDINAVIAN","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
大多数评论家都把莱昂蒂娜·萨根(Leontine Sagan)的《Mädchen in Uniform》(1931)分为两类:要么这部电影描绘了德国的专制本质,要么它是一部女同性恋电影的开创性作品。这篇文章考虑了另一种可能性,即,这部电影说明了青春期的酷儿和社会对它的压制。为了支持这一说法,它采用了夏洛特·贝赫勒(1893-1974)的发展理论,这些理论在这部电影制作的时期广为流传。这位心理学家认为,青春期的女孩会经历一个“Schwärmerei”阶段,这个词会引发非理性、过度的情感和短暂的同性欲望。赫勒的理论将异性恋自然化,淡化了青春期的酷儿性。因此,曼努埃拉对老师的迷恋可以被认为是她走向婚姻和母亲道路上的一个阶段。然而,通过对影片的分析,我们可以想象这样一种可能性:曼努埃拉反抗学校实施的异性恋规范,走上了一条酷儿之路。
Most critics have examined Leontine Sagan's Mädchen in Uniform (1931) within one of two frameworks: either the film depicts Germany's authoritarian nature or it is a ground-breaking work of lesbian filmmaking. This article considers an alternative possibility, namely, that the film illustrates the queerness of adolescence and society's efforts to repress it. To support this claim, it engages with the developmental theories of Charlotte Bühler (1893–1974) that circulated in the period when this film was produced. The psychologist argued that adolescent girls experience a phase of ‘Schwärmerei’, a word that evoked irrationality, an excess of emotion, and fleeting same-sex desire. Bühler's theories naturalised heterosexuality and played down the queerness of adolescence. Accordingly, Manuela's infatuation with the teacher could be considered a phase on her path towards marriage and motherhood. This analysis of the film, however, allows us to imagine a possibility in which Manuela resists the heterosexist norms enforced by the school and follows a queer path.
期刊介绍:
- German Life and Letters was founded in 1936 by the distinguished British Germanist L.A. Willoughby and the publisher Basil Blackwell. In its first number the journal described its aim as "engagement with German culture in its widest aspects: its history, literature, religion, music, art; with German life in general". German LIfe and Letters has continued over the decades to observe its founding principles of providing an international and interdisciplinary forum for scholarly analysis of German culture past and present. The journal appears four times a year, and a typical number contains around eight articles of between six and eight thousand words each.