Recent findings on perinatal mesenchymal stem cells – their possible application in current advanced medicine

Abstract The mature human placenta and umbilical cord are rich sources of perinatal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Both cell populations have similar characteristics and cellular properties. Each population can differentiate into multiple mesenchymal subpopulations and retain their self-renewal capacities. Perinatal stem cells can be isolated from tissues obtained from the planned cesarean sections and vaginal deliveries. Their isolation is relatively easy, making them readily available for implementation in various in vitro studies and clinical trials. Their differentiation abilities could be used in advanced regenerative medicine protocols to form new bone, cartilage, or tendons. Moreover, their unique anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties have been implemented in the experimental treatment of multiple autoimmune and degenerative diseases. Numerous phase I/II clinical trials confirmed the safety of perinatal MSCs injections and infusions, albeit the efficacy of those cellular therapies should be investigated in the subsequent large-scale randomized trials. Running title: Clinical applications of the perinatal mesenchymal stem cells