Strengthening the Clumping Paper Properties using Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Applied on a Historical manuscript 13th Century AD.

The main objective is to find a suitable and effective solution to strengthen agglomerated paper fibers and improve their physical, mechanical, and chemical properties. Many reasons lead to petrification and sticking papers. The alone worker can't lead to petrification and damage because all deterioration factors participate in the provisions of the damage circle on papers. The possible end is the loss of parts or parts or the annihilation of the entire manuscript or book. Given the archaeological and artistic value of the paper manuscripts, hydroxypropyl cellulose was chosen because it is a paper-friendly material. The papers are subject to artificial aging to reach an age like the age of the fossilized manuscript. Then the samples were naturally aged by infecting them with A. niger until they reached adhesion and agglomeration. After that, a separation process was carried out for the leaves. The leaves were consolidated with 2% hydroxypropyl cellulose. Then, an evaluation was carried out to determine the effect of hydroxypropyl cellulose on paper using digital microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical properties measurement, color change measurement, FTIR measurement, and pH measurement. The results of the examination and evaluation revealed its success in strengthening the papers and improving their properties. Therefore, it was applied to manuscript papers dating back to the thirteenth century AD.