中性“塑料”粒子在全球海洋模型中的三维分散

T. Huck, Raphaël Bajon, N. Grima, E. Portela, J. Molines, T. Penduff
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引用次数: 7

摘要

通过对中性浮力粒子的拉格朗日分析,研究了从河流排放进入三维海洋环流的塑料的命运。根据对河流塑料垃圾投入的月度估计,1991-2010年间,颗粒物在海岸表面持续释放。最先进的全球海洋模型以1/12°的分辨率对它们进行日流平流。在模拟结束时(2010年),留在1米厚表面层中的颗粒不到释放总颗粒的2%。这些环流集中在副热带环流的中心,主要在南印度洋和北太平洋,与来自亚洲的大型环流源有关,与之前在表层进行的2D数值实验非常一致。这些模式在大约30米深的地方保持相似,这一上层受到埃克曼流的强烈影响,埃克曼流捕获了大约20%的总释放颗粒。在实验结束时,约50%的总释放颗粒保留在上部100m中,高达90%的颗粒出现在上部400m中。在混合层之下,它们在水平方向上更广泛地分散,并遵循海洋模式和深水团的主要全球路径。塑料颗粒由于体积小或生物淤积而具有中性浮力,因此预计将按照模式水模式强烈分散在全球海洋温跃层中,并按照北大西洋深水形成路径到达更深的层。两个主要来源区域具有全球影响。来自北太平洋西部的粒子在20°S的整个太平洋极地传播,而来自印度尼西亚的粒子在60°S到20°S之间的整个纬度带传播。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Three-Dimensional Dispersion of Neutral “Plastic” Particles in a Global Ocean Model
The fate of plastics entering the 3D ocean circulation from rivers discharge is examined through the Lagrangian analysis of neutrally buoyant particles. Particles are released continuously over 1991–2010 at the surface along the coasts according to monthly estimates of rivers plastic waste input. They are advected by daily currents from a state-of-the-art global ocean model at 1/12° resolution. At the end of the simulation (year 2010), particles remaining in the surface layer of 1 m thickness represent less than 2% of the total particles released. These are concentrated in the center of subtropical gyres, mostly in the South Indian Ocean, and the North Pacific, in relation with the large sources from Asia, and in good agreement with previous 2D numerical experiments in the surface layer. These patterns remain similar down to about 30 m depth, this upper layer strongly influenced by Ekman currents trapping about 20% of the total released particles. About 50% of the total released particles remain in the upper 100 m, and up to 90% are found in the upper 400 m at the end of the experiment. Below the mixed layer, they are more widely dispersed horizontally and follow the main global pathways of ocean ventilation of mode and deep water masses. Plastic particles, neutrally buoyant because of their small size or biofouling, are thus expected to be strongly dispersed in the global ocean thermocline following mode waters patterns, and reach the deeper layers following the North Atlantic Deep Water formation path. Two major source regions have a global impact. Particles from the western North Pacific spread over the whole Pacific Ocean poleward of 20°S, whereas particles from Indonesia spread over the whole latitude band from 60°S to 20°S.
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