癌症干细胞的免疫逃避导致了肿瘤的发生和免疫治疗的失败

S. Chakraborty, S. Mukherjee, Udit Basak, Subhadip Pati, A. Dutta, Saikat Dutta, Subhanki Dhar, Tania Sarkar, A. Guin, G. Sa, T. Das
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引用次数: 1

摘要

癌症干细胞(CSCs)是驱动肿瘤形成和发展的一个小的细胞亚群。然而,在肿瘤发生过程中,CSC如何与邻近的免疫细胞通信,以克服强大的免疫监视屏障,从而形成、传播和维持肿瘤,目前尚不清楚。因此,绝对有必要了解在(a)“肿瘤免疫编辑”的“消除阶段”,(b)转移后建立区域或远处肿瘤,以及(c)治疗后复发期间,少数肿瘤起始细胞(TIC)是如何在免疫攻击中存活的。越来越多的证据表明,CSC通过多种不同的机制抑制免疫系统,这些机制不仅确保CSC的存活,而且确保最终形成肿瘤团的非系统癌症细胞(NSCCs)的存活,讨论了骨髓来源的抑制细胞(MDSCs)、自然杀伤细胞(NK)和肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞有利于肿瘤发生。癌症免疫疗法的失败也可以通过CSC和免疫细胞之间的这种相互作用来解释。这篇综述将阐明CSC在肿瘤免疫逃避中的关键作用,并强调CSC靶向免疫疗法作为通过限制免疫细胞和CSC之间的交流来对抗癌症的尖端技术的重要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Immune evasion by cancer stem cells ensures tumor initiation and failure of immunotherapy
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of cells that drive the formation and progression of tumors. However, during tumor initiation, how CSCs communicate with neighbouring immune cells to overcome the powerful immune surveillance barrier in order to form, spread, and maintain the tumor, remains poorly understood. It is, therefore, absolutely necessary to understand how a small number of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) survive immune attack during (a) the “elimination phase” of “tumor immune-editing”, (b) the establishment of regional or distant tumor after metastasis, and (c) recurrence after therapy. Mounting evidence suggests that CSCs suppress the immune system through a variety of distinct mechanisms that ensure the survival of not only CSCs but also non-stem cancer cells (NSCCs), which eventually form the tumor mass. In this review article, the mechanisms via which CSCs change the immune landscape of the tissue of origin, which contains macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, in favour of tumorigenesis were discussed. The failure of cancer immunotherapy might also be explained by such interaction between CSCs and immune cells. This review will shed light on the critical role of CSCs in tumor immune evasion and emphasize the importance of CSC-targeted immunotherapy as a cutting-edge technique for battling cancer by restricting communication between immune cells and CSCs.
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