Tamoxifen Like Estradiol Attenuates Systemic Inflammation in Young and Aged Female Mice Fed with High-Fat Diet

Background: Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) is associated with an increased incidence of inflammatory diseases and metabolic disorders. Also, these disorders will increase in women with aging and menopause, which is probably due to the reduced role of estradiol (E2). Selective estrogen modulators including tamoxifen (TAM), which acts through estrogen receptors, have important metabolic effects. This study aimed to determine whether TAM and E2 have protective effects on inflammation caused by HFD in young and aged mice. Methods: Four-month-old (Sham and ovariectomized [OVX]) and 20-month-old female C57BL/6J mice were used in this study. After feeding them with HFD for 12 weeks, they were divided into nine groups consisting of Sham+Oil, Sham+TAM, Sham+E2, OVX+Oil, OVX+TAM, OVX+E2, Aged+Oil, Aged+TAM, and Aged+E2. TAM and E2 were injected subcutaneously every four days for four weeks. At the end of the experiments, the mice’s blood was sampled. The serum cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were also determined using ELISA kits. Results: The results revealed that HFD increased inflammation by reducing IL-10 and increasing TNF-a/IL-10 and IL-6/IL-10 ratio in young and aged mice, and TAM and E2 therapy resulted in a significant decrease in TNF-α and IL-6, and an increase in IL-10 in young and aged mice. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that TAM, in addition to being used as an anticancer drug, can reduce HFD-induced inflammation in both young and aged mice. Therefore, probably it is a good candidate to substitute E2.