美国的选票改革、个人投票和政治代表制

IF 4.6 1区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE
Daniel J. Moskowitz, Jon C. Rogowski
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引用次数: 2

摘要

选举问责理论强调选民评估官员个人的能力,这激励官员展示自己的素质。然而,在20世纪初澳大利亚选票被引入美国之前,大多数选票设计限制了选民区分个别候选人的能力。先前的学者认为,选票改革导致了20世纪以候选人为中心的政治的兴起和政党影响力的下降。我们重新评估了这一说法的证据,并对无记名投票对分配政治、立法者努力和政党影响相关结果的影响进行了迄今为止最全面的分析。通过改进的研究设计,我们发现很少有证据表明投票改革直接影响了立法者的行为,更不用说它改变了政治代表性。虽然澳大利亚的投票可能是最终兴起以候选人为中心的政治的必要条件,但投票改革本身并没有重塑美国政治。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Ballot Reform, the Personal Vote, and Political Representation in the United States
Theories of electoral accountability emphasize voters' ability to evaluate individual officeholders, which incentivises officials to demonstrate their quality. Before the Australian ballot was introduced in the US at the turn of the twentieth century, however, most ballot designs constrained voters' ability to distinguish individual candidates. Previous scholarship argues that ballot reform led to the rise of candidate-centred politics and the decline in party influence in the twentieth century. We reassess the evidence for this claim and implement the most comprehensive analysis to date on the secret ballot's effects on outcomes related to distributive politics, legislator effort, and party influence. Using an improved research design, we find scant evidence that ballot reform directly affected legislator behaviour, much less that it transformed political representation. While the Australian ballot may have been a necessary condition for the eventual rise of candidate-centred politics, ballot reform did not by itself reshape American politics.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.70
自引率
4.00%
发文量
64
期刊介绍: The British Journal of Political Science is a broadly based journal aiming to cover developments across a wide range of countries and specialisms. Contributions are drawn from all fields of political science (including political theory, political behaviour, public policy and international relations), and articles from scholars in related disciplines (sociology, social psychology, economics and philosophy) appear frequently. With a reputation established over nearly 40 years of publication, the British Journal of Political Science is widely recognised as one of the premier journals in its field.
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