The Clause-Chain and Converb In Tibetan

摘要:小句链和副动词是语言类型学中比较独特的从句组合形式。现代藏语 是小句链和副动词结构极其发达的语言，在藏缅语中也极具特色。东 纳藏语的小句链和副动词结构在藏语中具有代表性，其形态句法特征 主要体现为四个方面：根据小句指称的异同区分小句链结构和副动词 结构；副动词和中间动词形态根据小句叙实性与否分为两类；副动词 和中间动词要采用非限定式，而主句则采用限定式；副动词从句和中 间小句与主句主语指称可以自由互换。东纳藏语的小句链和副动词结 构，与连动结构和并列结构在一系列形态句法上区别开来。ABSTRACT:Clause-chains and converbs represent typologically distinctive ways of clause combination. Modern Tibetan has highly elaborated clause-chain and converbial structures, which are also quite unique among Tibeto-Burman languages. The clause-chain and converbial structures of Mdungnag Tibetan are representative in Tibetan, and their morphosyntactic features are mainly reflected in four aspects. In Mdungnag Tibetan, there are different markers for converbial and medial clauses depending on whether the clause is realis or irrealis. Converbial clauses and medial clauses are non-finite, while the matrix clauses are finite. Converb clauses and medial clauses can switch reference freely. The clause-chain and converbial structures of Mdungnag Tibetan are morphosyntactically distinct from conjunctive structures as well as juxtaposed structures.