实施青年导向政策:解决农村人口减少问题的良方?

Q3 Social Sciences

Vienna Yearbook of Population Research Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI:10.1553/p-2j6h-94ja

Martina Schorn

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引用次数: 0

摘要

近年来，农村地区的人口减少问题在科学论述和决策中都受到越来越多的关注。造成农村人口减少的一个主要因素是农村人口向外迁移。特别是，受过良好教育的年轻人正在离开农村地区，向城市群迁移。虽然外迁的驱动因素和后果已经得到了很好的研究，但对作为人口减少主要驱动因素之一的青年外迁的抵消措施知之甚少。本文通过对奥地利和德国四个受青年外迁影响的农村地区进行的比较案例研究，探讨了专门针对影响青年移民愿望的政策措施。此外，还分析了这些措施对农村青年迁移的影响。在实施了考虑到年轻人需求的措施后，所有四个案例研究区域的青年移民负平衡开始下降。这主要是由于移徙增加，而青年移徙率保持稳定。然而，这些发展符合近年来奥地利和德国农村青年移民的总趋势。因此，需要更多的研究来评估面向青年的措施的实际影响。本文介绍了“以青年为导向的区域发展”方法，并强调了未来研究旨在缓解正在经历人口减少的农村地区所面临挑战的政策的前景。

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Implementing youth-oriented policies: A remedy for depopulation in rural regions?

The depopulation of rural areas has received increasing attention in recent years, both in scientific discourses and in policy-making. One main factor contributing to this rural shrinkage is the out-migration of the rural population. In particular, young and well-educated people have been leaving rural areas and moving to urban agglomerations. While the drivers as well as the consequences of out-migration have been well researched, less is known about measures to counteract youth outmigration as one of the main drivers of depopulation. Based on a comparative case study conducted in four rural regions affected by youth out-migration in Austria and Germany, this paper discusses policy measures that are specifically targeted at influencing young people’s migration aspirations. In addition, the effects of these measures on rural youth migration are analysed. After implementing measures that take the needs of young people into consideration, all four case study regions started to experience a decrease in their negative youth migration balance. This was mainly due to an increase in in-migration, while youth out-migration rates remained stable. However, these developments follow the general trend of rural youth migration in Austria and Germany in recent years. Thus, more research is needed to evaluate the actual impact of youth-oriented measures. This paper introduces the “youth-oriented regional development” approach, and highlights perspectives for future research on policies aimed at mitigating the challenges facing rural regions that are experiencing depopulation.

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来源期刊

Vienna Yearbook of Population Research Social Sciences-Demography

CiteScore

1.90

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： In Europe there is currently an increasing public awareness of the importance that demographic trends have in reshaping our societies. Concerns about possible negative consequences of population aging seem to be the major force behind this new interest in demographic research. Demographers have been pointing out the fundamental change in the age composition of European populations and its potentially serious implications for social security schemes for more than two decades but it is only now that the expected retirement of the baby boom generation has come close enough in time to appear on the radar screen of social security planners and political decision makers to be considered a real challenge and not just an academic exercise.