A conceptual model for Indian public distribution system using consortium blockchain with on-chain and off-chain trusted data

ABSTRACT The public distribution system (PDS) of a country plays a vital role in eradicating hunger and ensuring food security. However, operational inefficiencies like poor beneficiary identification, non-uniform transaction records, and lack of integration among stakeholders hinder the success of such a system. This paper proposes a conceptual model to explore the possibility of using blockchain to eliminate such inefficiencies and ensure trust in the system. It first studies the existing operations of Indian PDS and identifies the transactions requiring information exchanges, storage, and verifications. Then, it proposes a blockchain based solution that leverage smart contracts and consortium-based ecosystem that can bring efficiencies in the PDS system. This paper also proposes a conceptual model for off-chain big data and enlists the possible analytics to support the decision-making of various stakeholders. Finally, it explores the suitability of implementing the proposed model as a consortium blockchain using Hyperledger Fabric and big data analytics.