2022年韩国总统大选与青年性别分化

IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES
Pacific Affairs Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI:10.5509/2022952285
H. Kim, C. Lee
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引用次数: 3

摘要

2022年韩国总统选举是自1987年启动民主直选制度以来,该国竞争最激烈的一次选举,在3400万张选票中,两位主要候选人的差距不到1%。尽管与前几次选举有一些相似之处和连续性,但在2022年的选举中,基于一个主题出现了新的投票联盟:性别平等。在这篇文章中,我们解释了性别是如何以及为什么在2022年竞选期间成为如此突出的问题,以及这是如何影响投票模式的,尤其是在二三十岁的男性和女性选民中。具体而言,我们认为,选举期间选民的性别行为源于年轻男性中日益高涨的反女权主义情绪,两位主要总统候选人将这一问题政治化,以最大限度地获得这一群体的支持。这反过来又引发了年轻女性投票集团的整合。利用2022年1月对1017名具有全国代表性的受访者进行的一项原始调查,我们确定了年轻男性中反女权主义情绪高涨的两个可能原因:认为女性在就业机会和男性强制服兵役方面受到优待。此外,通过在选举前进行的嵌入式调查实验,我们提出,带有支持性别信息的政治候选人不太可能得到年轻男性的支持,而带有反性别信息的候选人可能会得到更多的支持;最近选举的实际投票情况证实了这些预测。结果表明,新政府必须极其谨慎地处理性别问题,以确保在未来几年内,对性别差距的不同看法不会进一步两极分化,因为这样的发展很可能会助长韩国的民主解体。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The 2022 South Korean Presidential Election and the Gender Divide among the Youth
The 2022 South Korean presidential election was the country's most closely contested election since a democratic direct electoral system was initiated in 1987, with less than a 1 percent di erence separating the two major candidates among 34 million votes cast. Despite some parallels with and continuities from previous elections, the 2022 election saw new voting alignments emerge based on one topic: gender equality. In this essay, we explain how and why gender became such a prominent issue during the 2022 election campaign, and how this a ected voting patterns, especially among male and female voters in their twenties and thirties. Specifically, we argue that gendered voter behaviour during the election arose from rising anti-feminist sentiments among young men, and that the two main presidential candidates politicized the issue to maximize support from this group. This in turn triggered the consolidation of a young female voting bloc. Using an original survey conducted in January 2022 with an approximate nationally representative sample of 1,017 respondents, we identify two possible causes of rising anti-feminist sentiments among young men: the belief that women receive preferential treatment in employment opportunities and mandatory military service for men. In addition, through an embedded survey experiment run before the election, we proposed that political candidates with pro-gender messages would be less likely to receive support from young men, while candidates with anti-gender messages would be likely to receive more support; these projections were confirmed by the actual voting breakdowns of the recent election. The results suggest that the new administration must handle gender issues with extreme care to ensure that divergent perceptions of the gender divide do not become further polarized over the next few years, since such a development could very well fuel democratic deconsolidation in South Korea.
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来源期刊
Pacific Affairs
Pacific Affairs AREA STUDIES-
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
12.50%
发文量
18
期刊介绍: Pacific Affairs has, over the years, celebrated and fostered a community of scholars and people active in the life of Asia and the Pacific. It has published scholarly articles of contemporary significance on Asia and the Pacific since 1928. Its initial incarnation from 1926 to 1928 was as a newsletter for the Institute of Pacific Relations (IPR), but since May 1928, it has been published continuously as a quarterly under the same name. The IPR was a collaborative organization established in 1925 by leaders from several YMCA branches in the Asia Pacific, to “study the conditions of the Pacific people with a view to the improvement of their mutual relations.”
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