Tree-Ring Date Lists 2021

The dates in the following lists were obtained primarily by ring-width dendrochronology; for radiocarbon and isotope dating, see the preceding lists. The dates of the outermost measured complete rings are given, with sapwood ring numbers in brackets. Complete sapwood is indicated by ‘C’ and where the character of the final ring has been identified, some laboratories signify seasonal felling dates as winter (C), spring (1=4C) and summer (1=2C), referring approximately to October to February, March to May and June to September respectively; ‘c’ indicates the presence of complete sapwood not on the sample, or lost during sampling; ‘h/s’ indicates the presence of the heartwood-sapwood boundary; ‘NM’ indicates rings counted but not measured. Superscript numbers, e.g. ‘20, denote two or more samples with the same end date. When not all samples of a particular type have been dated, the numbers dated and sampled are given in brackets, e.g. (1/3). Unless otherwise stated, sapwood estimates are those of Miles, 1997. Felling date ranges for which the sapwood estimate has been refined using the Dendro function of OxCal (Miles, 2006) are given in italics to indicate that they are ‘interpretative’, with the unrefined date in brackets. Site Master gives the years spanned and three highest or representative t-values. All timbers dated are of oak, Quercus spp. unless otherwise stated. Users of the list are cautioned about taking dates based on a single or very few dated timbers as indicating the precise construction date of the building or phase. RRS [Historic England Research Report Series] reports may be downloaded or obtained as hard copy from Historic England; their address and the list of available reports published in 2020 are printed below, pp. 117–120. Images of selected buildings are included on pp. 111–116.