壳聚糖对黑胡椒幼苗生长发育及矮化病强度的影响

E. Uge, S. Sulandari, S. Hartono, S. Somowiyarjo
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引用次数: 4

摘要

黑胡椒(Piper nigrum L.)是印度尼西亚重要的庄园作物。一些已知会感染黑胡椒植物的病原体包括真菌、线虫和病毒。黑胡椒植株发育迟缓病是由黄瓜花叶病毒引起的。用RT-PCR方法进行分子检测,结果表明样品被CMV阳性感染,特异性引物CMV 111扩增出大小为111bp的条带。这种病毒可以由植物的营养繁殖材料携带。已经研究了许多防治该病毒的策略,特别是用壳聚糖诱导植物抗性。壳聚糖是一种天然的生物聚合物,在降低疾病发生率和严重程度以及刺激植物生长方面发挥着重要作用。本研究的目的是通过喷雾应用,了解壳聚糖溶液对黑胡椒幼苗发育迟缓病毒感染的抑制能力。以0.5%、0.75%和1%的浓度制备壳聚糖处理。结果表明,不同浓度的壳聚糖施用均能降低病害发生率和发病强度,改善植株生长,不同处理间差异不显著,但与对照组差异显著。壳聚糖浓度为0.75%时发病率下降幅度最大(26.37),而浓度为1%时发病率降低幅度最大(37.62)。壳聚糖的施用对植物生长的所有参数(株高或叶片直径)也有显著影响。施用1%的壳聚糖比其他处理提高了植株的生长率,株高增加了58.12%,叶片直径增加了54.74%。IntisariLada(Piper nigrum L.)是印度尼西亚最重要的植物之一。已知一些病原体会感染辣椒植物,包括真菌、线虫和病毒。由黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)引起的乳制品中的克迪尔病。使用RT-PCR方法的分子检测表明,使用靶带宽大小为111bp的特异性引物CMV 111复制的感染CMV的阳性样品。这种病毒可以以植物繁殖物质为食。已经测试了许多病毒控制策略,包括用壳聚糖诱导植物抗性。Kitosan是一种天然生物聚合物,在降低疾病发生率和强度以及刺激植物生长方面发挥作用。本研究的目的是通过推广应用来发现壳聚糖溶液对奶牛籽粒感染核病毒的抑制能力。所使用的壳聚糖的浓度为0.5%;0.75%;和1%。研究表明,施用各种浓度的壳聚糖都会降低疾病的发生率和强度,并通过处理之间的实际差异而与对照之间的实际区别来增加植物的生长。最低入射值为0.75%(26.37),而最低强度值为1%(37.62)。其他应用也对所有植物生长参数有显著影响,包括高植株大小和叶片直径。在其他应用中,1%使植物的百分比增加,高于其他应用,即58.12%和54.74%的叶子。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Effect of Chitosan Application against Plant Growth and Intensity of Stunting Disease on Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Seedlings
Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is  an important estate crops in Indonesia. Some pathogens that have been known to infect black pepper plants include fungi, nematodes and viruses. The stunting disease on black pepper plants was caused by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Molecular detection using RT-PCR method showed that the samples were positively infected by CMV which were amplified by specific primers CMV 111 with bands of 111 bp in size. This virus can be carried by vegetative propagation material of plants. Many control strategies against this virus have been investigated, especially inducing plant resistance with chitosan. Chitosan is a natural biopolymer that play an important role in reducing disease incidence and severity and stimulate plant growth. The aim of this study was to figure out the inhibiting  ability of chitosan solution against infection of stunting virus on black pepper seedlings through spraying applications. Chitosan treatments were prepared in concentrations of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%. The result showed that application of chitosan at all concentrations affected the decrease of disease incidence and intensity and improved plant growth with insignificant different amongst all treatments but significantly different with control. The highest decrease in incidence was found at 0.75% of chitosan concentration (26.37), while the highest decrease of intensity was expressed at 1% of chitosan (37.62). Application of chitosan also significantly affected to all parameters of plant growth either plant height or leaf diameter. Application of 1% of chitosan increased the percentage of plant growth rather than other treatments, with the increase of plant height 58.12 % and leaf diameter 54.74 %. IntisariLada (Piper nigrum L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman perkebunan penting di Indonesia. Beberapa patogen telah diketahui menginfeksi tanaman lada di antaranya jamur, nematoda, dan virus. Penyakit kerdil pada tanaman lada disebabkan oleh Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Deteksi molekuler menggunakan metode RT-PCR menunjukkan bahwa sampel positif terinfeksi CMV yang diamplifikasi menggunakan primer spesifik CMV 111 dengan ukuran pita band target 111 bp. Virus ini dapat terbawa bahan perbanyakan tanaman secara vegetatif. Banyak strategi pengendalian virus yang telah diuji, diantaranya induksi ketahanan tanaman dengan kitosan. Kitosan adalah biopolimer alami yang berperan dalam menurunkan insidensi dan intensitas penyakit dan menstimulasi pertumbuhan tanaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan penghambatan dari larutan kitosan terhadap infeksi dari virus kerdil pada bibit lada dengan aplikasi penyemprotan. Konsentrasi kitosan yang digunakan adalah 0,5%; 0,75%; dan 1%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa apliksi kitosan pada semua konsentrasi berpengaruh dalam menurunkan insidensi dan intensitas penyakit dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman dengan tidak berbeda nyata di antara perlakuan tetapi berbeda nyata dengan kontrol. Penurunan nilai insidensi tertinggi yakni pada aplikasi kitosan 0,75% (26,37), sedangkan penurunan nilai intensitas tertinggi yakni pada aplikasi kitosan 1% (37,62). Aplikasi kitosan juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap semua parameter pertumbuhan tanaman baik tinggi tanaman maupun diameter daun. Pada aplikasi kitosan 1% meningkatkan persentase tinggi tanaman lebih baik dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya,yakni tinggi tanaman sebesar 58,12 % dan diameter daun sebesar 54,74 %.
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