{"title":"边境地区的鹦鹉实验室","authors":"Lea Leppik","doi":"10.11590/ABHPS.2018.2.04","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Georg Friedrich Parrot, professor of physics at the university of tartu/Dorpat from 1802 until 1826, founded the best physics laboratory in the russian empire, containing ca. 450 experimental devices of which more than 60 had been invented by Parrot himself. of the total number of instruments approximately 50 are still preserved in the university of tartu Museum collections. The article is the first attempt to give a historical background of the laboratory, using Parrot’s own writings, archival sources and the extant devices. Parrot’s youth was shaped by the ideas of the French enlightenment. According to his worldview, education had to be practical, utilitarian, and based on natural sciences. A well-equipped laboratory was ineluctable for that. lavoisier’s chemistry was taught at the university of tartu since the very beginning. Parrot emerged as one of the first French mathematical physics in a German-speaking world and introduced a new branch of physics—the physics of the earth. His pioneering chemical theory of galvanic electricity failed to gain him recognition in his lifetime, but it shaped the worldview of later students. Parrot’s organisational talent took both the laboratory and the teaching in tartu to the highest level of the time. His textbooks helped to introduce the physics worldview to the next generation both on the secondary school and university level.","PeriodicalId":37693,"journal":{"name":"Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Parrot’s Laboratory in the Borderland\",\"authors\":\"Lea Leppik\",\"doi\":\"10.11590/ABHPS.2018.2.04\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Georg Friedrich Parrot, professor of physics at the university of tartu/Dorpat from 1802 until 1826, founded the best physics laboratory in the russian empire, containing ca. 450 experimental devices of which more than 60 had been invented by Parrot himself. of the total number of instruments approximately 50 are still preserved in the university of tartu Museum collections. The article is the first attempt to give a historical background of the laboratory, using Parrot’s own writings, archival sources and the extant devices. Parrot’s youth was shaped by the ideas of the French enlightenment. According to his worldview, education had to be practical, utilitarian, and based on natural sciences. A well-equipped laboratory was ineluctable for that. lavoisier’s chemistry was taught at the university of tartu since the very beginning. Parrot emerged as one of the first French mathematical physics in a German-speaking world and introduced a new branch of physics—the physics of the earth. His pioneering chemical theory of galvanic electricity failed to gain him recognition in his lifetime, but it shaped the worldview of later students. Parrot’s organisational talent took both the laboratory and the teaching in tartu to the highest level of the time. His textbooks helped to introduce the physics worldview to the next generation both on the secondary school and university level.\",\"PeriodicalId\":37693,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2018-12-12\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.11590/ABHPS.2018.2.04\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"Arts and Humanities\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.11590/ABHPS.2018.2.04","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"Arts and Humanities","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
从1802年到1826年,格奥尔格·弗里德里希·帕罗(Georg Friedrich Parrot)是塔尔图/多尔帕特大学的物理学教授,他创建了俄罗斯帝国最好的物理实验室,里面有大约450个实验装置,其中60多个是帕罗特自己发明的。塔尔图大学博物馆收藏的乐器总数约有50件。这篇文章首次尝试使用Parrot自己的著作、档案来源和现存的设备来提供实验室的历史背景。Parrot的青年时代受到法国启蒙思想的影响。根据他的世界观,教育必须是实用的、功利的,并以自然科学为基础。一个设备齐全的实验室是不可避免的。拉瓦锡的化学从一开始就在塔尔图大学教授。Parrot是德语世界中最早的法语数学物理学之一,并引入了物理学的一个新分支——地球物理学。他开创性的电偶化学理论在他有生之年未能获得认可,但它塑造了后来学生的世界观。Parrot的组织才能使塔图的实验室和教学达到了当时的最高水平。他的教科书有助于在中学和大学层面向下一代介绍物理学世界观。
Georg Friedrich Parrot, professor of physics at the university of tartu/Dorpat from 1802 until 1826, founded the best physics laboratory in the russian empire, containing ca. 450 experimental devices of which more than 60 had been invented by Parrot himself. of the total number of instruments approximately 50 are still preserved in the university of tartu Museum collections. The article is the first attempt to give a historical background of the laboratory, using Parrot’s own writings, archival sources and the extant devices. Parrot’s youth was shaped by the ideas of the French enlightenment. According to his worldview, education had to be practical, utilitarian, and based on natural sciences. A well-equipped laboratory was ineluctable for that. lavoisier’s chemistry was taught at the university of tartu since the very beginning. Parrot emerged as one of the first French mathematical physics in a German-speaking world and introduced a new branch of physics—the physics of the earth. His pioneering chemical theory of galvanic electricity failed to gain him recognition in his lifetime, but it shaped the worldview of later students. Parrot’s organisational talent took both the laboratory and the teaching in tartu to the highest level of the time. His textbooks helped to introduce the physics worldview to the next generation both on the secondary school and university level.
期刊介绍:
Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum sees its mission in offering publishing opportunities for Baltic and non-Baltic scholars in the field of the history and philosophy of natural and social sciences (including legal studies) to promote and further international cooperation between scholars of different countries in this field.