Paynita Permotaurica N. Gen., N. SP., and the Other Dagmaritin Foraminifera from the Changhsingian (Permian) of Southern Turkey: Review of Dagmaritin Phylogeny

The name Paynita is proposed for a new dagmaritin genus from the upper Changhsingian (Permian) carbonates of the Southern Biofacies Belt in Turkey. Paynita permotaurica differs from its ancestor Paradagmarita monodi by a hook-shaped fold in the apertural flap terminating systematically against the inner surface of the septal wall to protect the opening from one chamber to the other. It is associated with several species of dagmaritins, belonging to Paradagmarita, Paradagmacrusta, Louisettita, Dagmarita, Danielita, and Bidagmarita. The overall analysis of dagmaritins reveals that the stratigraphic range of the group is from Wordian to Changhsingian. The revised chronostratigraphy in the type area of the genus Sengoerina indicates that this oldest dagmaritin was derived from Globivalvulina cyprica in the Wordian. The first occurrences of genera Dagmarita and Danielita postdate the first occurrence of Sengoerina in the Wordian. Paynita is the last evolutionary step of the Sengoerina-Dagmarita-Crescentia-Paradagmarita lineage characterized by a planar apertural flap whose structure practically remained unchanged during the process of evolution. Paynita is the first genus in this lineage displaying fold in the apertural flap similar to the evolution of Louisettita from Dagmarita.