Strengthening Coastal and Maritime Security of India in the Indian Ocean Region: An In-depth Analysis of the Challenges and Opportunities presented by Seabed Mining in India

This research paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of India's coastal and maritime security in the Indian Ocean Region, specifically focusing on explicitly the challenges and opportunities associated with seabed mining in a kind of significant way. The legal framework governing seabed mining in India is primarily established by the “Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 (MMDR Act)” in a considerable way. This act grants the central government the authority to regulate and control mining operations within India's territorial waters, exclusive economic zone, and continental shelf, which generally is reasonably significant. The paper highlights the challenges posed by seabed mining, including potential environmental impact, adherence to basically international agreements and conventions, and technological and operational challenges. It explores the importance of conducting environmental impact assessments (EIAs) and implementing mitigation measures to ensure sustainable mining practices in a big way. The steps taken to abide by the rules and regulations set by international organisations.