头骨作为客体与主体的中介——加尔的Phrenology与歌德的科学方法

IF 0.1 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE, GERMAN, DUTCH, SCANDINAVIAN
P. Fortmann
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要本文论述了歌德对颅相学创始人弗兰茨·约瑟夫·加尔学说的介入。以他们1805年在Tag-und Jahreshefte第一次面对面会面的草图为指南,它认为歌德通过他的科学方法论来看待颅相学,并在需要时对其进行相应的重塑。特别是,他试图将加尔对头骨的描述作为大脑的印记,转化为一种值得广泛观察和描述但仍有待解释的现象。此外,歌德立即将加尔的大脑解剖结构与变态的概念联系起来,从而为将器官学融入他的形态学铺平了道路。有时,歌德也会屈服于开颅术创造的头骨的诱惑,比如当他同意以口罩的形式提供实质性的自我证据时。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Skull as Mediator between Object and Subject: Gall’s Phrenology and Goethe’s Scientific Method
ABSTRACT The article considers Goethe’s engagement with the doctrines of Franz Joseph Gall, the founder of phrenology. Using the sketch of their first face-to-face meeting in the Tag- und Jahreshefte of 1805 as a guide, it argues that Goethe views phrenology through the lens of his scientific methodology and reshapes it accordingly, when needed. In particular, he seeks to render Gall’s account of the skull as the brain’s imprint into a phenomenon worthy of extensive observation and description but still open to interpretation. Moreover, Goethe immediately relates Gall’s anatomical structuring of the brain to the concept of metamorphosis, thus paving the way to integrating organology into his morphology. On occasion, Goethe also succumbs to the allure of the skull that craniology has created, such as when he agrees to give material self-evidence in the form of a face mask.
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来源期刊
Publications of the English Goethe Society
Publications of the English Goethe Society LITERATURE, GERMAN, DUTCH, SCANDINAVIAN-
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