Classic suturing materials overview

Sutures are used in surgery to approximate wounds for the healing purpose after injury or elective interventions or for hemostasis ligation. During the millennial evolution of sutures, natural fibres have been almost completely replaced by synthetic materials. Experience from the last years has shown that silk and catgut chromium threads are natural fibres still used in surgical theatres, but they might have registered a decrease in preferences due to inflammatory response. Despite the continuous improvement in this field, there is not a perfect universal suture affordable and right for every patient. There are rare, but possible complications such as local irritation, foreign body response, granulomas or fistulas. Various studies conducted over time, some presented in this paper, have shown that actual surgical threads are safe and taking into account the indications, we should obtain maximum results with minimum adverse reactions. An ideal combination of delayed absorption and elasticity allows a tension-free closure and supports the healing process of most tissues and makes the surgical thread a preferred option for surgeons. The purpose of this article is to overview the suturing materials and to optimise surgical techniques by increasing the benefits of each suture material with minimal adverse reactions.