1919-1939年利沃夫地区法院和利沃夫上诉法院在医生渎职案件中的做法

A. Lytvynenko
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摘要

在第二代波兰共和国(1919-1939)统治时期,利沃夫州医疗保健的法律方面仍未得到充分调查。随着律师和学者越来越关注医疗法的历史和保护病人权利,各个时期医疗保健领域的纠纷问题(即医生的渎职,因医院疾病基金医生的疏忽而对作为法律实体的医院疾病基金提起的诉讼,在提供医疗服务的过程中发生的问题,(或未经病人同意而进行治疗等)无疑有所上升。乌克兰医疗法的历史仍未得到充分调查。与利沃夫州在1867-1918年奥匈帝国统治时期甚至更早的时期相比,1919-1939年利沃夫州法院在医疗从业人员渎职案件中的做法迄今尚未成为乌克兰学者的研究对象。利沃夫州法院在1919年至1939年期间医疗从业人员渎职案件中的做法说明,与医疗事故有关的民事诉讼并不罕见。更重要的是,当时的法庭惯例是对犯有严重过失或非法堕胎的医务人员进行刑事审判。为了让读者对奥匈法律中的医疗从业者有更复杂的理解,我们也将提供一个简短的解释,特别是在当时判例法的基础上。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Practice of Lviv District Court and the Lviv Court of Appeals in Cases on Medical Practitioner’s Malpractice in 1919–1939
The legal aspects of healthcare in the Lviv oblast during the time it was under the reign of Second Rzeczpospolita Polska (1919–1939) remain underinvestigated. Alongside with the rise of lawyers’ and scholars’ attention to the aspects of history of medical law and the protection of patients’ rights, the question of disputes in the sphere of healthcare in various time periods (i.e. medical practitioners’ malpractice, lawsuits against hospital sickness funds, as legal entities because of negligence of the hospital sickness fund physicians, occurring within the provision of medical treatment, or conducting medical treatment without the patient’s consent etc.) has undoubtedly risen. The history of medical law of Ukraine remains underinvestigated. The practice of the courts operating in the Lviv oblast in 1919–1939 in cases on medical practitioners’ malpractice has yet not become the object of the research of Ukrainian scholars to date, analogically to the period, when the Lviv oblast was under the reign of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire in 1867–1918, or even in earlier times. The practice of the courts of the Lviv oblast in cases on medical practitioners’ malpractice in the period of 1919–1939 illustratively displays that civil lawsuits relating to medical malpractice were not rare ones. What is more, the court practice of those days featured criminal trials against medical practitioners for committing severe negligence, or illegitimate abortions. For a more complex understanding of medical practitioners in Austrian-Hungarian law by the reader, we will provide a brief explanation relating to it as well, in particular, on basis of those-days case law.
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