Designing safety-oriented tourist routes for heterogeneous tourist groups using an artificial multi-intelligence system

ABSTRACT The prior research on tourist route design for heterogeneous groups primarily focused on total tourist preferences and individual fairness. In this study, we present an innovative approach by incorporating safety criteria into the optimal tourist route, an aspect that has been previously overlooked. Ensuring tourist safety during travel and attractions is of utmost importance for creating a secure and enjoyable experience. Our proposed safety-focused multi-objective tourist trip design, coupled with the modified artificial multiple-intelligence system, underwent testing in a case study involving 50 attractions and 44 tourist groups (comprising a total of 140 members). The computational results demonstrate that our approach outperforms existing methods by 16.16% to 36.26%, effectively reducing total traveling and attraction visiting risk by 26.1% compared to conventional techniques proposed in the literature. Moreover, our approach enhances the total preferences and tourist fairness by 5.83% and 25.57%, respectively. Graphical abstract