金属化材料制成的个人防护设备在暴露于极端红外辐射时的有效性

Q4 Medicine
Valery I. Kharitonov
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Such measures need to prevent chronic overheating, with the mandatory use by workers of modern effective personal protective equipment from infrared radiation. \nThe purpose of the study – the study of the effectiveness of personal protective equipment made of metallized materials in real production conditions, for the prevention of chronic overheating from exposure to extreme levels of infrared radiation with multifactorial exposure against the background of heavy physical labour. \nMaterials and methods. To assess the possibility of using personal protective equipment in the conditions of modern forging and pressing production, there were taken protective clothing sets made of the material OXA-440, consisting of a cotton-asbestos lining and a metallized material with an aluminum surface. In the manufacture of prototypes of workwear, the topography and the estimated area of the irradiated area of the body surface, and the moisture and air tightness of metallized materials, were taken into account. The effectiveness of personal protective equipment was evaluated with taking into account the indicators of the thermal state of the workers of the main occupations who used two sets of the specified protective clothing alternately. The thermal state of the body was studied in accordance with the guidelines of the MUK 4.3.1895-04 and the provisions of the standard GOST R ISO 9886-2008. Studies on the hygienic assessment of workwear were carried out in the cold and warm periods of the year. A questionnaire survey was conducted to subjectively assess the usability, design and protective properties of workwear made of metallized material. \nResults. The main sources of thermal radiation in the studied production are incandescent to a temperature of over 1200°C with metal forgings of various lengths and various profile configurations, which largely determine the variability in the degree of radiation intensity of the radiant energy flow at the workplaces of blacksmiths and heaters. The formed thermal state of the workers of the specified occupational groups, dressed in standard cotton workwear, during the performance of the main work operations during the first half of the working shift in the cold and warm periods of the year, is estimated as the maximum permissible, requiring a limit of working time – no more than one hour per working shift. The use of workwear made of metallized materials in the cold period of the year led to a slight improvement in the thermal condition, which allowed to prolong the time spent at the workplace to 2 hours. When using the original design of a protective suit made of a metallized material characterized by moisture – and air-tight properties and covering a large area of the body surface during the warm period of the year, no improvement in the thermal condition of the workers was observed. According to the questionnaire survey, good reflective and mechanical properties of the test material were revealed. The expressed wishes and suggestions of the workers in the areas of improving the design of workwear suggest the development of new design samples of special protective clothing made of this metallized material, taking into account these comments. \nLimitations. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

介绍在繁重体力劳动的背景下,在极端水平的加热小气候和多因素暴露的影响下,工人热状态形成的性质的研究结果证明了制定和实验评估一套预防措施的必要性。这些措施需要防止长期过热,工人必须使用现代有效的个人防护设备,以防红外辐射。本研究的目的是研究由金属化材料制成的个人防护设备在实际生产条件下的有效性,以防止在繁重体力劳动的背景下,因暴露于极端水平的红外辐射和多因素暴露而导致的慢性过热。材料和方法。为了评估在现代锻造和冲压生产条件下使用个人防护设备的可能性,采用了由OXA-440材料制成的防护服套装,由棉石棉衬里和铝表面金属化材料组成。在工作服原型的制造过程中,考虑了身体表面照射区域的地形和估计面积,以及金属化材料的湿度和气密性。在评估个人防护装备的有效性时,考虑了交替使用两套指定防护服的主要职业工人的热状态指标。根据MUK 4.3.1895-04的指南和GOST R ISO 9886-2008标准的规定,对身体的热状态进行了研究。在一年中的寒冷和温暖时期对工作服的卫生评价进行了研究。对金属化材料工作服的可用性、设计和防护性能进行了问卷调查。后果在所研究的生产中,热辐射的主要来源是温度超过1200°C的白炽灯,具有不同长度和不同轮廓配置的金属锻件,这在很大程度上决定了铁匠和加热器工作场所辐射能流辐射强度的可变性。在一年中的寒冷和温暖时期,穿着标准棉质工作服的特定职业类别的工人在上半个工作班次执行主要工作操作期间形成的热状态被估计为最大允许状态,需要限制工作时间——每个工作班次不超过一小时。在一年中的寒冷时期,使用金属化材料制成的工作服使热条件略有改善,这使工作时间延长到2小时。当使用由金属化材料制成的防护服的原始设计时,该防护服具有防潮和气密性能,并在一年中的温暖时期覆盖身体表面的大面积区域,工人的热状况没有改善。通过问卷调查,测试材料具有良好的反射性能和力学性能。工人们在改进工作服设计方面表达的愿望和建议建议建议,考虑到这些意见,开发由这种金属化材料制成的特殊防护服的新设计样品。局限性所选择的研究方法决定了其在特定生产中使用的可能性的限制,其特点是生产环境的多因素性质,背景是繁重的体力劳动和由技术过程的具体情况决定的极端红外辐射水平。所获得的研究结果客观化了进一步研究的主题——金属化材料制成的特殊防护服新设计样品的开发和有效性评估。结论所进行的研究结果表明,新型金属化材料具有良好的反射和机械性能。在问卷调查中,工人们表达了他们对改进工作服套装设计的愿望和建议,在创建新的特殊防护服设计样本时必须考虑到这一点,以便在暴露于极端工业红外辐射的条件下工作时将其作为主要防护手段。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The effectiveness of personal protective equipment made of metallized materials when exposed to extreme levels of infrared radiation
Introduction. The results of the study of the nature of the formation of the thermal state in workers under the influence of extreme levels of the heating microclimate with multifactorial exposure against the background of heavy physical labour, justify the need to develop and experimentally evaluate a set of preventive measures. Such measures need to prevent chronic overheating, with the mandatory use by workers of modern effective personal protective equipment from infrared radiation. The purpose of the study – the study of the effectiveness of personal protective equipment made of metallized materials in real production conditions, for the prevention of chronic overheating from exposure to extreme levels of infrared radiation with multifactorial exposure against the background of heavy physical labour. Materials and methods. To assess the possibility of using personal protective equipment in the conditions of modern forging and pressing production, there were taken protective clothing sets made of the material OXA-440, consisting of a cotton-asbestos lining and a metallized material with an aluminum surface. In the manufacture of prototypes of workwear, the topography and the estimated area of the irradiated area of the body surface, and the moisture and air tightness of metallized materials, were taken into account. The effectiveness of personal protective equipment was evaluated with taking into account the indicators of the thermal state of the workers of the main occupations who used two sets of the specified protective clothing alternately. The thermal state of the body was studied in accordance with the guidelines of the MUK 4.3.1895-04 and the provisions of the standard GOST R ISO 9886-2008. Studies on the hygienic assessment of workwear were carried out in the cold and warm periods of the year. A questionnaire survey was conducted to subjectively assess the usability, design and protective properties of workwear made of metallized material. Results. The main sources of thermal radiation in the studied production are incandescent to a temperature of over 1200°C with metal forgings of various lengths and various profile configurations, which largely determine the variability in the degree of radiation intensity of the radiant energy flow at the workplaces of blacksmiths and heaters. The formed thermal state of the workers of the specified occupational groups, dressed in standard cotton workwear, during the performance of the main work operations during the first half of the working shift in the cold and warm periods of the year, is estimated as the maximum permissible, requiring a limit of working time – no more than one hour per working shift. The use of workwear made of metallized materials in the cold period of the year led to a slight improvement in the thermal condition, which allowed to prolong the time spent at the workplace to 2 hours. When using the original design of a protective suit made of a metallized material characterized by moisture – and air-tight properties and covering a large area of the body surface during the warm period of the year, no improvement in the thermal condition of the workers was observed. According to the questionnaire survey, good reflective and mechanical properties of the test material were revealed. The expressed wishes and suggestions of the workers in the areas of improving the design of workwear suggest the development of new design samples of special protective clothing made of this metallized material, taking into account these comments. Limitations. The chosen research method determines the limitation on the possibility of its use in relation to a specific production, characterized by the multifactorial nature of the production environment against the background of heavy physical labour and extreme levels of infrared radiation determined by the specifics of the technological process. The obtained research results objectify the subject of further research – the development and evaluation of the effectiveness of new design samples of special protective clothing made of metallized materials. Conclusion. The results of the conducted studies have shown good reflective and mechanical properties of the new metallized materials. During the questionnaire survey, the workers expressed their wishes and suggestions for improving the design of workwear sets, which must be taken into account when creating new design samples of special protective clothing, for their subsequent use as the main means of protection when working under conditions of exposure to extreme levels of industrial infrared radiation.
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Gigiena i sanitariia
Gigiena i sanitariia Environmental Science-Pollution
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