La crianza de cerdos en vida libre y pecaríes silvestres en zonas de transición de áreas protegidas del sureste de México

The study analyzed the raising of domestic free ranging pigs and wild peccaries in order to determine the social, economic and environmental benefits in communities located in the transition zone of the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, Mexico. The information was obtained from 169 farmers involved in pig keeping from a census conducted in 13 communities. The information of the production unit, the pig herd, the feeding, the productive and reproductive parameters, the commercialization, the costs and income was recorded in a questionnaire. The data were analyzed with frequencies, analysis of variance, cluster, factorial and principal components with the SAS statistical package. Three systems of productions of domestic pigs in free-range were identified: backyard pigs raising (23,1%), seasonal roaming pigs (21,9%), and free roaming pigs (55%) The three systems had the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) as a reproduction form in captivity of this wildlife species. The backyard pig raising was the most intensive in labor force, cutting forage, maize and feed purchase. The seasonal roaming pigs was evaluated as intermediate in the use of resources and supplies. The free roaming pigs was the one with the highest relation with the captive collared peccary breeding, and uses the natural ecosystems and it was not market oriented. The backyard and seasonal roaming pigs were classified like transition towards the stalf feed pigs, free ranging decreased and the use of external supplies increased.