精神与宗教的迷幻科学:一个附属于信息的议程提案

IF 1.7 2区 哲学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Aaron D. Cherniak, Joel Gruneau Brulin, Sebastian Ostlind, M. Mikulincer, R. Carhart-Harris, P. Granqvist
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引用次数: 2

摘要

在本文中,我们基于依恋理论与迷幻下的放松信念(REBUS)模型的综合,为精神和宗教的迷幻科学设定了议程。依恋理论认为,人们从与照顾者的关系经验中发展出与他人互动的内部工作模型(IWMs)。这样的IWMs然后作为高级先验的功能,使人们(无论好坏)能够预测和组织他们的人际关系和宗教/精神关系。有效的迷幻干预可能起作用的一种机制是放松刻板的、防御性的先验(例如,关于他人和上帝的不安全的自我管理),通过与治疗师、上帝或他人的纠正性关系经验进一步放大。我们概述了指导未来研究的三个关键建议。第一,依恋安全感的个体差异预测了迷幻体验的现象学和整合。第二,作为临床相关的结果,有效的迷幻治疗促进了依恋安全性的增加。第三,与依恋相关的动态(例如,与他人和上帝的联系感,与依恋相关的担忧和防御的缓解)是涉及致幻剂治疗临床应用的过程级机制。最后,我们从依恋的角度讨论了宗教和灵性在迷幻体验中的作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Psychedelic Science of Spirituality and Religion: An Attachment-Informed Agenda Proposal
In this paper, we set an agenda for a psychedelic science of spirituality and religion, based on a synthesis of attachment theory with the Relaxed Beliefs Under pSychedelics (REBUS) model. Attachment theory proposes that people develop internal working models (IWMs) of interactions with others from their relational experiences with caregivers. Such IWMs then function as high-level priors enabling people, for better and for worse, to predict and organize their interpersonal and religious/spiritual relationships. One mechanism by which efficacious psychedelic interventions may work is by relaxing the grip of rigid, defensive priors (e.g., insecure IWMs with regard to others and God), further amplified by corrective relational experiences with the therapist, God, or others. We outline three key proposals to steer future research. First, individual differences in attachment security predict the phenomenology and integration of psychedelic experiences. Second, efficacious psychedelic therapy facilitates increased attachment security as a clinically relevant outcome. Third, attachment-related dynamics (e.g., a sense of connection to others and God, alleviation of attachment-related worries and defenses) are process-level mechanisms involved in the clinical utility of psychedelic treatment. Finally, we discuss the role of religion and spirituality in psychedelic experiences from an attachment perspective.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
4.50%
发文量
15
期刊介绍: The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion (IJPR) is devoted to psychological studies of religious processes and phenomena in all religious traditions. This journal provides a means for sustained discussion of psychologically relevant issues that can be examined empirically and concern religion in the most general sense. It presents articles covering a variety of important topics, such as the social psychology of religion, religious development, conversion, religious experience, religion and social attitudes and behavior, religion and mental health, and psychoanalytic and other theoretical interpretations of religion. The journal publishes research reports, brief research reports, commentaries on relevant topical issues, book reviews, and statements addressing articles published in previous issues. The journal may also include a major essay and commentaries, perspective papers of the theory, and articles on the psychology of religion in a specific country.
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