The status of developmental and reproductive toxicology: The conundrum of acquiring pragmatic training

Outsourcing of preclinical developmental and reproductive toxicology testing (DART) is accelerating, but the availability of experienced, well-qualified individuals responsible for DART is diminishing. Current DART training at all levels is anemic. We identify four requisite training areas including hands-on technical skills, scientific knowledge, management, and oral/written communications. We suggest that comprehensive training could be accomplished through DART-targeted certificate programs or post-baccalaureate curricula designed and funded by the combined efforts of industry consortia, contract research organizations, government, and academia. Graduates of such training would be better able to serve as DART technicians, study directors, study monitors or regulatory scientists.