Spatial analysis of renewable-based hybrid district heating possibilities in a Hungarian rural area

This research work investigates the possibilities of establishing renewable-based district heating (DH), including “hybrid district heating” (HDH) applications in a peripheral rural area of Hungary, the Bukkalja. HDH, or multi-source systems, use a reasoned combination of energy sources, which is still unusual practice in Eastern Europe. This particular Bukkalja region struggles with import dependency, energy poverty, and serious air pollution. Considering natural and social capabilities, potential sites for rural district heating developments were examined. Door-to-door field surveys, residential heat demand, GIS-based renewable energy potential calculations, detailed supply-demand and statistical analysis were applied to reveal DH development possibilities. Most of the results have a tight correlation with the relevant values of Pan-European Thermal Atlas (PETA 4.3), however, in case of suggestions, there are considerable differences. The outcomes also highlight that current biomass utilization far exceeds the sustainability limits within the area. The screening proves that the capabilities of seven rural settlements are suitable for DH developments. This investigation supports the decision-making process and its proposed projects could play a significant role in the local energy transition. This study underlines that rural DH developments could have the same relevance as similar projects in urban circumstances.