Copy-move image forgery detection using direct fuzzy transform and ring projection

Cloning (copy-move) image forgery detection (CMFD) is a pure image processing method without any support of embedded security information. Fuzzy transform (F-Transform) is a powerful tool that encompasses both classical transforms as well as approximation technique using fuzzy IF-THEN rules studied in fuzzy modelling. Ring projection transform (RPT) for features extraction is a very effective tool as it transforms two-dimensional data into one-dimensional with a very few component which significantly reduces the computational complexity. We propose a new and comprise scheme of fuzzy transform and RPT for CMFD. Firstly, the F-transform is employed on the input image to yield highly reduced dimension representation, which is split into fixed size overlapping blocks. Further, RPT is applied to every block for calculating their features. These feature vectors are lexicographically sorted. Finally, the duplicated blocks are filtered out using correlation coefficient. The proposed algorithm is faster and efficient in terms of execution time and accuracy.