巴伦支海Yarnyshnaya湾岩藻类海藻潮间带群落

V. I. Kapkov, E. Shoshina, O. V. Stepanyan
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引用次数: 1

摘要

对巴伦支海摩尔曼海岸东部沿海带(北纬69°11′78”,东经36°04′38”)底栖藻类群落在无人为影响条件下的特征和空间结构进行了研究。作为研究岩藻类群落指标和优势种种群与生境相关的资料,本人1994-2017年的长期季节性观测和科学考察数据提供了依据。滨海植物群落共有39种,其中褐藻18种,红藻9种,绿藻12种,一年生和季节性海种数量分布均匀,以多年生植物为主。生态因子对海岸带不同地点的海藻分布有重要影响。主要的非生物因素有坚固的基底、海浪和风暴、冰的运动。海藻滨海群落呈多层结构,基底层为褐色海藻,优势种床下和菌体上有大量的岩生和附生植物。海岸带群落生物量在2.8±0.6 ~ 17.7±2.9 kg/m²之间,与物种结构、底栖海藻基质、海浪和潮汐有关。在潮汐期间环境因子(温度、海浪、风暴)季节性变化的自然刚性压力和北极地区沿海群落的自然破坏下,不同生物群落中岩藻类海藻的生物量和密度变化幅度较大。整个海湾的沿海岩藻类植物群落可以被认为是海藻种群适应北方海洋条件的一个例子。所得结果可用于估计沿海生态系统的生态状况、商业海藻的种群评估和巴伦支海藻类水产养殖的发展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Intertidal community of fucoid seaweeds in the Yarnyshnaya Bay, the Barents Sea
The specific and spatial structure of benthic algal community on the littoral zone in the east area of Murman coast of the Barents Sea (69°11'78''N, 36°04'38''E) has been studied in the conditions of anthropogenic influence absence. As a material for studying indicators of fucoid community and populations of dominating species in connection with habitats own long-term seasonal observations and data of scientific expeditions of 1994-2017 have served. The species composition of littoral phytocenosis consists of 39 species including 18 brown, 9 red and 12 green seaweeds, with prevalence on number of annual and seasonal species, on a biomass - perennials. Ecological factors influence essentially on seaweed distribution in different sites of the littoral zone. The major abiotic factors are presence of firm substratum, surf and storms, ice motion. Seaweed littoral community had multi-level structure, in which the basic layer was occupied by brown seaweeds with numerous litophytes and epiphytes under beds and on thallus of dominant species. The community algal biomass in the littoral zone was from 2.8 ± 0.6 up to 17.7 ± 2.9 kg/m² and depended on the species structure, substratum for benthic seaweeds, surf and tides. The biomass and density of fucoid seaweeds varied over a wide range in different biotopes under a natural rigid press of seasonal changes of environmental factors (temperature, surfs, storms) during tides and under natural damages of littoral community in the arctic region. As a whole littoral fucoid phytocenosis of the bay could be considered as an example of adaptation of seaweeds populations to the conditions of the northern seas. The received results could be useful for estimating ecological status of coastal ecosystem, at stock assessment of commercial seaweeds and for algal aquaculture development in the Barents Sea.
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