Phytochemical and Pharmacological Evaluation of Methanolic Extract of Knoxia sumatrensis Leaves

ABSTRACT Knoxia sumatrensis leaf extracts in methanol were analyzed for the phytochemical compositions, antioxidant properties (DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical assay), anti-proliferative activity (lung cancer A549 and breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines), and mosquito larvicidal properties. The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of eight bioactive compounds of which the hexadecanoic Acid, 2-Propyl-, methyl Ester, and 2,3-anhydro-D-Mannosan were the two major compounds present. The bioactive compounds present included phenolics and flavonoids (55.0 ± 1.3 mg GAE g−1 d.w. and 42.5 ± 0.5 mg RE g−1 d.w.). FT-IR analysis detected the presence of aldehydes and anhydrites functional groups. Antioxidant properties were positively associated with the secondary metabolites. The anti-proliferative activity of methanolic leaf extracts showed the IC50 values 135.82 and 181.73 μg mL−1 for A549 and MCF-7, respectively. The methanolic extract also showed larvicidal activity on three mosquito species with highest toxicity on Culex quinquefasciatus larvae with LC50 4.84 mg mL−1 and LC90 19.33 mg mL−1.