Difficulties experienced by South African adolescents during COVID-19 lockdown: implications for early mental health interventions.

Adolescence is characterized as a period of great physical, psychological, social, and behavioral challenges which often impacts on the mental health of adolescents. Prior research has demonstrated the mental health of adolescents to be further complicated by the COVID-19 pandemic which resulted in isolation during the strictest lockdown period. As such, the primary purpose of this study was to identify the difficulties of South African adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected through a questionnaire completed by 4230 grade 4 to 12 learners from two provinces in South Africa (Mpumalanga, North-West) and analyzed with chi-square, Cramer's V, Bayesian, and the odds ratio tests. Participants self-reported on the difficulties they experienced during the strictest part of the COVID-19 lockdown period which could possibly impact on their mental health. The results indicate that fear was the most prominent difficulty experienced, but it must be viewed as a comorbidity with anxiety, stress, and depression. A significant finding was that the difficulties experienced were gender, age, and school level specific. The results indicate that mental health practitioners working with adolescents who experienced such difficulties should adopt a multilevel systems approach in supporting the mental health of adolescents during crisis situations like the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. More importantly, early mental health interventions should take gender, age, and primary and secondary school levels into consideration for effectiveness since the difficulties highlighted in this study are likely to impact on the mental health of learners.