联合国作为人权捍卫者的作用:阿尔巴尼亚的观点

IF 0.7 Q2 LAW
F. Baça, Adriana Anxhaku
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:每一千年、每十年、每一个世纪以及每一天,人类都会怀着一个“新世界”的梦想醒来,一个没有战争和流血的世界。尽管有这个千年的梦想,但战争及其毁灭性的后果就像达摩克利斯之剑一样,威胁着人类的头顶。因此,战争一直是并将继续是研究人员和哲学家关注的焦点。通过研究战争的众多原因和后果,可以确定保障世界安全与和平的必要措施。虽然人类社会大步迈向繁荣,但战争的可能性并没有减少,而是继续以空前的凶残威胁着人类生命、和平与安全的存在。不同国家之间的许多双边和多边协定和条约只是暂时避免了冲突和战争的爆发。因此,和平、防御和防止战争的概念仍然是今天研究的中心。这些领域的研究工作都是面向一个普遍的理念:“保护基本人权”。方法:本文的研究方法包括分析有关联合国作为自由和人权捍卫者作用的数据。为此,我们进行了广泛的文献综述。这项审查包括阿尔巴尼亚语和外语的文献资料,由知名作家撰写,并就审议中的主题提供大量资料和想法。一些二手作品的作者包括托马斯·霍布斯、让·雅克·卢梭、伊曼努尔·康德、约翰·洛克、布莱恩·塔玛纳哈、亚历克西斯·托克维尔和Servet Pëllumbi。这项研究是一步一步、一个论点一个论点地进行的,使用的是推理逻辑和思想分析。相关的研究工作涉及联合国作为人权和自由的提供者和担保人的作用。结果和结论:在联合国看来,民主的概念与保护和平、自由和人权的概念密切相关。这也是联合国不能对以尊重“国家主权”为借口的侵犯自由和人权事件无动于衷的原因。联合国是当今保护人类自由和权利、世界和平和国际安全的最重要和最强大的组织。基于上述讨论,民主社会不过是个人权力与自由之间新关系的结果。“人权和自由”不仅仅是一个官僚主义的公式,而是人民对他们所生活的社会发展的要求。它们就像一个“螺旋”,只是在各种理论家首次提出他们关于“人权”的想法后才上升。侵犯人权将同时标志着对民主的侵犯和民主本身的终结。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Role of the United Nations as a Defender of Human Rights: A View from Albania
Background: Every millennium, decade, and century, as well as every passing day, humanity wakes up with a dream of a ‘new world’, a world without wars and bloodshed. Despite this thousand-year-old dream, wars and their devastating consequences hang menacingly over humanity’s head like the sword of Damocles. For this reason, wars have been and will remain a key focus of researchers and philosophers. By studying the numerous causes and consequences of war, the necessary measures to guarantee security and peace worldwide can be determined. Although human society strides towards prosperity, the likelihood of war has not diminished but continues to threaten, with unparalleled ferocity, the existence of human life, peace, and security. The numerous agreements and treaties, both bilateral and multilateral, between different states have only temporarily avoided the outbreak of conflicts and wars. Therefore, the concepts of peace, defence, and the prevention of war remain at the centre of research today. Research works in these fields are geared towards a universal idea: ‘the protection of basic human rights’. Methodology: This paper’s research methodology involves analysing data on the role of the UN as a defender of freedom and human rights. To achieve this, an extensive literature review was conducted. The review covers literature sources in both Albanian and foreign languages, written by well-known authors and provides a large amount of information and thoughts on the topic under consideration. The authors of some of the used works include Thomas Hobbes, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Immanuel Kant, John Locke, Brian Tamanaha, Alexis Tocqueville, and Servet Pëllumbi. The research was conducted step-by-step and argument-by-argument using the logic of reasoning and the analysis of ideas. The relevant research works relate to the UN’s role as a provider and guarantor of human rights and freedom. Results and Conclusions: In the opinion of the UN, the concept of democracy is closely related to the concept of protecting peace, freedom, and human rights. This is also the reason why the UN cannot remain indifferent in the face of cases of violation of freedoms and human rights under the pretext of respecting ‘state sovereignty’. The UN is today’s most important and powerful organisation for protecting human freedoms and rights, world peace, and international security. Based on the above discussion, a democratic society is nothing but the result of new relations between the power and freedom of an individual. ‘Human rights and freedoms’ do not constitute a mere bureaucratic formula but a request of the people for the development of the society in which they live. They resemble a ‘spiral’ that has only ascended since various theorists first presented their ideas on ‘human rights’. Infringement on human rights would simultaneously mark the infringement and the end of democracy itself.
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