Analysis of the phase composition and the structure of aluminum alloys with increased content of impurities

The development of fundamental knowledge that allows making proper correlation among the chemical composition, structure and properties of non-ferrous alloys is a priority task for the metallurgy of nonferrous metals and alloys, as this knowledge makes the main contribution to the development of this subject and is a powerful tool for expanding the areas of their application. A variant of the establishment of regularities in metal science is the study of phase equilibria, transformations in the temperature range and compositions of metallic systems. In the scientific literature there is a lot of information on the results of studies of twoand three-component alloys in order to construct equilibrium phase diagrams. However, the non-equilibrium crystallization of alloys, and thus, the non-equilibrium phase diagrams are of greater practical interest from the point of view of industrial production. Taking into account that the compositions of industrial alloys, as a rule, are multi-component, it can be stated that there is no reliable information on multi-component systems in the literature. Industry is interested in the possibility of using alloys with low cost, however, with high performance properties, which is possible in the case of using chemical elements of technical purity, industrial waste or scrap for their preparation. First of all, it concerns aluminum alloys, as the volume of their consumption is the highest among alloys of non-ferrous metals. In addition, the number of applications made of these alloys is continuously growing. The purpose of this paper is to perform a comparative analysis of the non-equilibrium phase diagrams of aluminum-based alloys with an increased content of impurities in comparison with their equilibrium counterparts known from the published scientific literature. In the process of work, equilibrium and non-equilibrium phase diagrams of aluminum with basic alloying elements and the most frequent harmful impurities are constructed.