大平原上的分类、文化区域与赠予:美国自然历史博物馆的交换物品重组

IF 0.7 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY
Claire Heckel
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引用次数: 0

摘要

19世纪和20世纪由博物馆进行的民族学收集考察对来源社区以及从多个角度进行严格审查的博物馆藏品的组成和解释产生了影响。虽然诸如种族和部落归属之类的分类现在被理解为是情境、关系和偶然的,但博物馆的分类系统在很大程度上仍然是僵化和不可改变的。在博物馆藏品中解决这些问题的具体方法出现得较慢。本文提出了一种描述对象的方法,受属性分析和厚描述的影响,它有可能使有关博物馆藏品的重要信息更容易被来源社区获取。通过两个案例研究(美国自然历史博物馆大平原收藏品中的石蜡和鹿皮鞋),本文展示了以对象为中心的协作式调查如何有助于将对象从博物馆设置的历史分类系统中解脱出来,并“重新动员”它们。超越分类,记录历史物质文化中记载的文化习俗,有助于重建过去人、物和思想的复杂运动。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
CLASSIFICATION, CULTURE AREAS, AND GIFTING ON THE GREAT PLAINS: Remobilizing Objects of Exchange at the American Museum of Natural History

The ethnological collecting expeditions conducted by museums in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries have had impacts on source communities and on the composition and interpretation of museum collections that have been critically examined from a number of perspectives. Although categories such as ethnicity and tribal affiliation are now understood to be situational, relational, and contingent, systems of classification in museums remain in large part rigid and immutable. Concrete approaches to addressing these issues in museum collections have been slower to emerge. This article presents an approach to the description of objects, influenced by attribute analysis and thick description, that has the potential to make salient information about museum collections more accessible to source communities. With two case studies (parfleches and moccasins from the Great Plains collections at the American Museum of Natural History), this article demonstrates how collaborative object-centered inquiry can help to disentangle objects from historical systems of classification in museum settings and “remobilize” them. Moving beyond classification to document the cultural practices documented in historical material culture can aid in reconstructing the complex movements of people, objects, and ideas in the past.

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来源期刊
Museum Anthropology
Museum Anthropology ANTHROPOLOGY-
CiteScore
0.80
自引率
75.00%
发文量
23
期刊介绍: Museum Anthropology seeks to be a leading voice for scholarly research on the collection, interpretation, and representation of the material world. Through critical articles, provocative commentaries, and thoughtful reviews, this peer-reviewed journal aspires to cultivate vibrant dialogues that reflect the global and transdisciplinary work of museums. Situated at the intersection of practice and theory, Museum Anthropology advances our knowledge of the ways in which material objects are intertwined with living histories of cultural display, economics, socio-politics, law, memory, ethics, colonialism, conservation, and public education.
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