Access distance to free-floating services considering uncertain availability and smartphone activeness

ABSTRACT The rapid growth of free-floating sharing services is seen as a key solution to urban mobility problems; however, the wider acceptance and adaptation is critically depending upon the ease of access. The aim of this research is to quantify the access distance to free-floating services considering the density and distribution of travellers and bicycles. Our main focus the effect of different information-seeking and reservation strategies on the travellers. We distinguish those who use smartphone actively during travelling from those who only check the availability before the journey. An agent-based discrete-event simulation (DES) is developed, from which we find that 1. All travellers being active in seeking feasible bicycles do not necessarily lead to better system performance. 2. Enabling reservations can lead to longer average travel times, especially longer walking time. 3. When increasing the bicycle supply or reservation rate, the reliability of accessing desired bicycles can first increase then drop.