Self-efficacy in relation to adherence to healthy behaviours among pregnant women: a concept analysis

Aim: This study aims to provide an understanding of the concept of self-efficacy in its implications in promoting adherence to healthy behaviours among pregnant women. Design: Concept analysis guided by Wilson 1963 framework. Methods: An electronic search of the literature published from 2009–2019 was conducted using the following databases: CINAHL, PubMed, ERIC, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. After an in-depth review of the literature, the data were analysed, and the findings were synthesized. Results: It was found that self-efficacy is a multidimensional, dynamic, and contextual concept that is shaped according to a pregnant woman’s previous experiences, the gained knowledge, presence of family empowerment, professional support, and the woman’s emotional status. Self-efficacy influences a pregnant woman’s cognitive process by taking quality decision-making, setting practical goals, and having a plan to overcome barriers and challenges. Conclusion: Self-efficacy is an essential predictor of adherence to the recommended healthy behaviours; hence, it should be part of any prenatal health promotion interventions.