Vaginal Hyperplasia and Progressive Vaginal Fold Prolapse in a Bullmastiff Bitch

Canine reproductive problems constitute some of the most challenging cases encountered in small animal veterinary practice. This is usually complicated in breeding dogs by the unwillingness of clients to give consent for surgical interventions, due to the fear of loss of reproductive function. In this case, a two-year-old Bullmastiff bitch was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital with a mass protrusion from the vulva. Clinical examination revealed an eversion of a tongue-shaped vaginal tissue from the floor of the vaginal wall which subsequently progressed to an eversion of the complete vaginal circumference forming a doughnut-shaped mass. Investigations carried out included ultrasonography, hematology, hormonal assay, vaginal cytology, vaginal swab microbial culture and antimicrobial sensitivity test. A diagnosis of vaginal fold prolapse (type III) which progressed from a type II prolapse was made. Due to the client’s initial disinclination to a surgical intervention, the approach to the case evolved from a conservative management to an eventual surgical correction. There was a request to preserve the reproductive function of the bitch, therefore ovariohysterectomy was declined and the case was managed by surgical excision of the prolapsed vaginal mass under general anesthesia. A peri-vulvar purse string suture was placed temporarily to restrict any further prolapse. Histopathological evaluation of the excised vaginal tissue confirmed marked hyperplasia of the stratified squamous epithelium with intracellular edema and spongiosis. There was focal ulceration of vaginal mucosa with neutrophilic infiltration. The lamina propria showed reduced cellular density with loose and edematous connective tissue. Post-surgical care included daily care of surgical wound and the administration of analgesic, antibiotic and vitamin supplements. Subsequently, there was no recurrence of the condition in the bitch which came into estrus 27 weeks post-surgery, and was bred with successful conception.