Studies of eutrophication in shallow lakes and the future

Eutrophication and cyanobacterial blooming are still a worldwide problem. Our knowledge of lake restoration has improved extensively in the past couple of decades owing to geo-engineering studies. Furthermore, newly developed analytical techniques have clarified the processes behind elemental cycling. In this review, I have discussed several environmental restoration methods developed for restoration of dams and shallow eutrophic lakes in Japan; the importance of each process in phosphorus (P) cycling has been ascertained. Furthermore, I have also reviewed the cycling of inorganic and organic P based on the restoration measure applied. Finally, I have discussed future perspectives by incorporating information on lake restoration techniques and P cycling studies from recent literature.