Methods of the enzymatic production of Ub-based tools

Protein ubiquitination is involved in almost all aspects of eukaryotic biology. To investigate the cellular role of ubiquitin (Ub) system, a variety of Ub-based tools have been developed. In comparison to these laborious chemical synthesis, enzymatic methods offer good alternatives for the production of the desired Ub tools from the recombinant protein building blocks and are therefore easier to implement in the typical biological research laboratories. In this minireview, we summarize some key enzymatic approaches for the preparation of Ub-based tools.