The physical and environmental impacts of sand mining

The aim of the study was to assess the consequences of sand mining activities on soil erosion, vegetation clearance and landslide levels in the O.R. Tambo district. The study setting included Mngazi, Chwebeni and Coffee Bay sand mining sites. Soil erosion was defined by donga width and donga depth. Landslides constitute a form of erosion. An open pit confirmed current mining activity. Clearing of vegetation and areas covered by alien vegetation were also considered to be the environmental consequences of anthropogenic activities. Communities, policy makers and managers should be engaged in environmental awareness campaigns. It is also recommended that sand mining sites should be sited outside sensitive environments.