绿色贸易协定需要额外支付吗?

IF 2.3 3区社会学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

Journal of Environment & Development Pub Date : 2022-02-21 DOI:10.1177/10704965221076070

Clara Brandi, J. Morin, F. Stender

{"title":"绿色贸易协定需要额外支付吗?","authors":"Clara Brandi, J. Morin, F. Stender","doi":"10.1177/10704965221076070","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Preferential trade agreements (PTAs) increasingly include environmental provisions. While the existing literature documents these provisions’ environmental impacts, this paper sheds light on their relation with aid flows. Using an event-specification and data on bilateral Official Development Assistance (ODA) commitments for a sample of 147 developing country recipients in the period from 2002 to 2017, we find evidence that the number of environmental provisions in PTAs is positively associated with aid during negotiation phases. With high-income countries typically pre-determining the extent of environmental provisions in their upcoming PTAs, this suggests that aid serves as a side-payment for recipients to sweeten the pot and agree upon already formulated PTA content. While both aggregate ODA and its subcomponent environmental aid a priori qualify as candidates for pre-signature side-payments, we find that only the former fulfills this expectation, presumably reflecting more leeway to exploit aid fungibility.","PeriodicalId":47090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environment & Development","volume":"31 1","pages":"111 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"3","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Do Greener Trade Agreements Call for Side-Payments?\",\"authors\":\"Clara Brandi, J. Morin, F. Stender\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/10704965221076070\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Preferential trade agreements (PTAs) increasingly include environmental provisions. While the existing literature documents these provisions’ environmental impacts, this paper sheds light on their relation with aid flows. Using an event-specification and data on bilateral Official Development Assistance (ODA) commitments for a sample of 147 developing country recipients in the period from 2002 to 2017, we find evidence that the number of environmental provisions in PTAs is positively associated with aid during negotiation phases. With high-income countries typically pre-determining the extent of environmental provisions in their upcoming PTAs, this suggests that aid serves as a side-payment for recipients to sweeten the pot and agree upon already formulated PTA content. While both aggregate ODA and its subcomponent environmental aid a priori qualify as candidates for pre-signature side-payments, we find that only the former fulfills this expectation, presumably reflecting more leeway to exploit aid fungibility.\",\"PeriodicalId\":47090,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Environment & Development\",\"volume\":\"31 1\",\"pages\":\"111 - 138\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-02-21\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"3\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Environment & Development\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"90\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/10704965221076070\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"社会学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"DEVELOPMENT STUDIES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Environment & Development","FirstCategoryId":"90","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10704965221076070","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"DEVELOPMENT STUDIES","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

摘要

优惠贸易协定越来越多地包括环境条款。虽然现有文献记录了这些条款对环境的影响，但本文揭示了它们与援助流的关系。通过对2002年至2017年期间147个发展中国家受援国的双边官方发展援助承诺的事件说明和数据，我们发现有证据表明，双边发展援助中的环境条款数量与谈判阶段的援助呈正相关。高收入国家通常在即将出台的PTA中预先确定环境条款的范围，这表明援助是接受者的一种附带付款，目的是让锅变得更甜，并就已经制定的PTA内容达成一致。虽然官方发展援助总额及其子组成部分的环境援助都有资格作为签署前附带付款的候选，但我们发现，只有前者符合这一预期，这可能反映出利用援助可替代性的余地更大。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

查看原文本刊更多论文

Do Greener Trade Agreements Call for Side-Payments?

Preferential trade agreements (PTAs) increasingly include environmental provisions. While the existing literature documents these provisions’ environmental impacts, this paper sheds light on their relation with aid flows. Using an event-specification and data on bilateral Official Development Assistance (ODA) commitments for a sample of 147 developing country recipients in the period from 2002 to 2017, we find evidence that the number of environmental provisions in PTAs is positively associated with aid during negotiation phases. With high-income countries typically pre-determining the extent of environmental provisions in their upcoming PTAs, this suggests that aid serves as a side-payment for recipients to sweeten the pot and agree upon already formulated PTA content. While both aggregate ODA and its subcomponent environmental aid a priori qualify as candidates for pre-signature side-payments, we find that only the former fulfills this expectation, presumably reflecting more leeway to exploit aid fungibility.

求助全文

通过发布文献求助，成功后即可免费获取论文全文。去求助

来源期刊

Journal of Environment & Development Multiple-

CiteScore

5.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Journal of Environment & Development seeks to further research and debate on the nexus of environment and development issues at the local, national, regional, and international levels. The journal provides a forum that bridges the parallel debates among policy makers, attorneys, academics, business people, and NGO activists from all regions of the world. The journal invites submissions in such topics areas as the interaction between trade and environment; the role of local, national, regional, and international institutions in environmental governance; analysis of international environmental agreements; the impact of environmental regulation on investment policy; legal and scientific issues related to sustainable development.