安法尔和哈拉布贾种族灭绝:未吸取的教训

Q2 Arts and Humanities

Journal of the Middle East and Africa Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI:10.1080/21520844.2023.2236922

Ofra Bengio

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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要1987年至1988年的安法尔战役，伊拉克复兴党政权在哈拉布贾镇屠杀了约18万名库尔德伊拉克人，其中5000人死于化学武器，被认为是现代库尔德历史上的重大创伤之一。然而，几十年后，库尔德人似乎已经从众所周知的灰烬中复活，冒着巨大的困难在伊拉克北部开始了一项雄心勃勃的国家建设项目。本文以这个“创伤与救赎”的故事为背景，思考了库尔德实验的教训；不仅库尔德人自己，而且所有自愿陪伴他们踏上这段旅程的人都吸取了教训；伊拉克政府、国际社会和美国。

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Anfal and Halabja Genocide: Lessons Not Learned

ABSTRACT The 1987–1988 Anfal Campaign during which the Iraqi Baath regime massacred some 180,000 Kurdish Iraqis, 5,000 of whom killed by chemical weapons in the town of Halabja, is considered one of the major traumas in modern Kurdish history. Yet a few decades later, the Kurds appear to have risen from their proverbial ashes, embarking against great odds on an ambitious state building project in northern Iraq. With this story of “trauma and redemption” as background, this paper considers the lessons learned from this Kurdish experiment; lessons drawn not only by the Kurds themselves, but by all those who willy-nilly accompanied them on this journey; the Iraqi state, the international community, and the United States.

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来源期刊

Journal of the Middle East and Africa Arts and Humanities-History

CiteScore

0.70

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Journal of the Middle East and Africa, the flagship publication of the Association for the Study of the Middle East and Africa (ASMEA), is the first peer-reviewed academic journal to include both the entire continent of Africa and the Middle East within its purview—exploring the historic social, economic, and political links between these two regions, as well as the modern challenges they face. Interdisciplinary in its nature, The Journal of the Middle East and Africa approaches the regions from the perspectives of Middle Eastern and African studies as well as anthropology, economics, history, international law, political science, religion, security studies, women''s studies, and other disciplines of the social sciences and humanities. It seeks to promote new research to understand better the past and chart more clearly the future of scholarship on the regions. The histories, cultures, and peoples of the Middle East and Africa long have shared important commonalities. The traces of these linkages in current events as well as contemporary scholarly and popular discourse reminds us of how these two geopolitical spaces historically have been—and remain—very much connected to each other and central to world history. Now more than ever, there is an acute need for quality scholarship and a deeper understanding of the Middle East and Africa, both historically and as contemporary realities. The Journal of the Middle East and Africa seeks to provide such understanding and stimulate further intellectual debate about them for the betterment of all.