Inside Inclusive Elementary Music Classrooms: Teachers and Their Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are frequently included in regular music classrooms, yet little is known about teachers’ and students’ classroom experiences. We sent a 35-question survey to all members of the National Association for Music Education who had identified themselves as elementary music teachers. We received a total of 569 responses; we analyzed the results from 441 who taught in the United States and who completed the entire survey. Most teachers were positive about including students with ASD and confident in teaching them. Teachers who expressed greater confidence in teaching students with ASD had more instruction related to special education during their undergraduate preparation and collaborated with more professionals in their school settings. Teachers reported that students with ASD were included in most of the regular music curriculum, and interactions with classmates were reported to be positive. Implications for teacher preparation, collaboration, and students’ music learning are discussed.